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graf

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: graaf, Graf, gráf, and -graf
Languages (23)
English
Afrikaans • Albanian • Catalan • Czech • Danish • Dutch • French • Icelandic • Indonesian • Irish • Kashubian • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Spanish • Polish • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Swedish • Volapük
Page categories

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From German Graf (“count”). Doublet of graaf and grave.

Noun

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graf (plural grafs)

  1. (uncommon, now historical) A German or Austrian count (nobleman).
    • 1843 February, "Graf de Tropp", in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, volume 27, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page 200]:
      Without ceremony, the Graf, on his entering the drawing-room, seated himself at the piano-forte, and proposed affording his new friends "a leetle example" how music was performed in Hungary.
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Phonetic respelling of clipping of paragraph.

Noun

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graf (plural grafs)

  1. (journalism, slang) A paragraph.
    • 2010 January 27, Matt Taibbi, “Populism: Just Like Racism!”, in True/Slant‎[1], archived from the original on 19 January 2013:
      Brooks lays out the crux of his case his case in his first three grafs of his article:
    • 2025 February 13, Joshua Benton, “Trump wants news outlets to get on board with ‘Gulf of America’ — or else. Will they?”, in Nieman Journalism Lab‎[2], Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nieman Foundation for Journalism, retrieved 13 February 2025:
      This Wednesday story includes a graf on Reuters’ stance:

Etymology 3

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Noun

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graf (uncountable)

  1. Alternative spelling of graff (“graffiti”).
    • 2002, Janice Rahn, Painting Without Permission: Hip-hop Graffiti Subculture, page 7:
      For example, a current trend in graf is to simulate a three-dimensional effect (see Figure 1.2). No one graf artist is associated with having developed this method.
    • 2012, P. D. Smith, City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age, page 84:
      Naar had been photographing the 'palimpsest of writings and marks on walls' since 1955 and he says his interest in graf is 'political, in the Greek sense of engagement with the life of the "polis", or city-state'.
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch graf and graft (see the plural).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf (plural grafte)

  1. grave

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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graf (aorist grafa, participle grafë)

  1. Gheg form of grah (“to incite; bellow, roar; rattle”)[1]

References

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  1. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “graf ~ grah”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 121

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf m (plural grafs)

  1. (mathematics) graph

Further reading

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Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs
graf
graf

Etymology

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Derived from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf m inan

  1. graph (mathematical diagram)
  2. (graph theory) graph (nodes and edges connecting the nodes)
  3. chart (graphical presentation)

Declension

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Declension of graf (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative graf grafy
genitive grafu grafů
dative grafu grafům
accusative graf grafy
vocative grafe grafy
locative grafu grafech
instrumental grafem grafy

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Danish

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Etymology

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From English graph.

Noun

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graf

  1. graph, visualization of an equation or a function
  2. (graph theory) graph

Declension

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Declension of graf
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative graf grafen grafer graferne
genitive grafs grafens grafers grafernes

Derived terms

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Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch graf, from Old Dutch *graf, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”).

Noun

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graf n (plural graven, diminutive grafje n)

  1. grave
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: graf
  • Negerhollands: graf
  • → Papiamentu: graf

Etymology 2

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From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean "serious, grave" as well as "very". The alternative form graaf (“very”), also slang, has the same origin and meaning, but stays closer to the original French pronunciation.

Adverb

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graf

  1. (slang, Belgium) very
    Dat is graf duur — That's very expensive

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf m (plural grafs)

  1. (slang) clipping of graffiti
    L'usage du tag et du graf s'affirme d'autant plus comme un pouvoir de communication tribale constituant un code secret.
    The use of tags and graffiti is establishing itself all the more as a means of tribal communication constituting a secret code.

Further reading

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Icelandic

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Noun

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graf n (genitive singular grafs, nominative plural gröf)

  1. graph, chart

Declension

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Declension of graf (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative graf grafið gröf gröfin
accusative graf grafið gröf gröfin
dative grafi grafinu gröfum gröfunum
genitive grafs grafsins grafa grafanna

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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Borrowed from English graph.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf (plural graf-graf)

  1. (linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning
    Synonym: huruf
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Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English graph.

Noun

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graf m (genitive singular graif, nominative plural graif)

  1. graph, chart

Declension

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Declension of graf (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative graf graif
vocative a ghraif a ghrafa
genitive graif graf
dative graf graif
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an graf na graif
genitive an ghraif na ngraf
dative leis an ngraf
don ghraf 		leis na graif

Derived terms

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Verb

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graf (present analytic grafann, future analytic grafaidh, verbal noun grafadh, past participle grafa)

  1. (ambitransitive, literary) write; draw, sketch
  2. (transitive, mathematics, statistics) graph, plot, chart

Conjugation

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Conjugation of graf (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present grafaim grafann tú;
grafair† 		grafann sé, sí grafaimid; grafann muid grafann sibh grafann siad;
grafaid† 		a ghrafann; a ghrafas graftar
past ghraf mé; ghrafas ghraf tú; ghrafais ghraf sé, sí ghrafamar; ghraf muid ghraf sibh; ghrafabhair ghraf siad; ghrafadar a ghraf grafadh
past habitual ghrafainn /
grafainn‡ 		ghraftá /
graftᇠ		ghrafadh sé, sí /
grafadh sé, sí‡ 		ghrafaimis; ghrafadh muid /
grafaimis‡; grafadh muid‡ 		ghrafadh sibh /
grafadh sibh‡ 		ghrafaidís; ghrafadh siad /
grafaidís‡; grafadh siad‡ 		a ghrafadh ghraftaí /
graftaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future grafaidh mé;
grafad 		grafaidh tú;
grafair† 		grafaidh sé, sí grafaimid;
grafaidh muid 		grafaidh sibh grafaidh siad;
grafaid† 		a ghrafaidh; a ghrafas grafar
conditional ghrafainn /
grafainn‡ 		ghrafá /
grafᇠ		ghrafadh sé, sí /
grafadh sé, sí‡ 		ghrafaimis; ghrafadh muid /
grafaimis‡; grafadh muid‡ 		ghrafadh sibh /
grafadh sibh‡ 		ghrafaidís; ghrafadh siad /
grafaidís‡; grafadh siad‡ 		a ghrafadh ghrafaí /
grafaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go ngrafa mé;
go ngrafad† 		go ngrafa tú;
go ngrafair† 		go ngrafa sé, sí go ngrafaimid;
go ngrafa muid 		go ngrafa sibh go ngrafa siad;
go ngrafaid† 		— go ngraftar
past dá ngrafainn dá ngraftá dá ngrafadh sé, sí dá ngrafaimis;
dá ngrafadh muid 		dá ngrafadh sibh dá ngrafaidís;
dá ngrafadh siad 		— dá ngraftaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— grafaim graf grafadh sé, sí grafaimis grafaigí;
grafaidh† 		grafaidís — graftar
past participle graftha
verbal noun grafadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

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Mutated forms of graf
radical lenition eclipsis
graf ghraf ngraf

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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Kashubian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Graf.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡraf/
  • Rhymes: -af
  • Syllabification: graf

Noun

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graf m inan

  1. count
    Synonym: hrabia

Declension

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Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafòwie
genitive grafa grafów
dative grafòwi grafóm
accusative grafa grafów
instrumental grafã grafama
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafòwie

Further reading

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  • Sychta, Bernard (1967), “grafa”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 354
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994), “hrabia”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “hrabia”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[3]
  • “graf”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Middle English

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Noun

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graf

  1. alternative form of grave

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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Borrowed from English graph.

Noun

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graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafer, definite plural grafene)

  1. graph (diagram)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology

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Borrowed from English graph.

Noun

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graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafar, definite plural grafane)

  1. graph (diagram)

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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Uncertain, lacking cognates in other Germanic languages. Perhaps from grafan (“to dig”), similar to drāf (“drove”) and drifan.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grāf

  1. grove

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Puppel, S. (2010). Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. Germany: De Gruyter., p. 134-135

Old Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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graf m or f (plural graves)

  1. apocopic form of grave; serious; grave; major
    • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 17v:
      e la coſa graf q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.
      And any grave matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Polish grof. Doublet of grabia and hrabia.

Noun

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graf m pers

  1. (historical) count (male ruler of a county)
    Synonyms: grabia, hrabia
Declension
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Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafowie/grafy (deprecative)
genitive grafa grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative grafa grafów
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafowie
Derived terms
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adjective
nouns

Etymology 2

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Internationalism; compare English graph, French graphe, German Graph, ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein).

Noun

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graf m inan

  1. (mathematics) graph
    Hypernym: wykres
Declension
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Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafy
genitive grafu grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative graf grafy
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafy
Derived terms
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adjective

Etymology 3

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Clipping of autograf.

Noun

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graf m inan

  1. (slang) autograph
    Synonym: autograf
Declension
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Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafy
genitive grafa/grafu grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative graf grafy
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafy

Further reading

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  • graf in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • graf in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French graph.

Noun

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graf n (plural grafuri)

  1. graph
Declension
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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative graf graful grafuri grafurile
genitive-dative graf grafului grafuri grafurilor
vocative grafule grafurilor

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from German Graf.

Noun

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graf m (plural grafi)

  1. count
Declension
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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative graf graful grafi grafii
genitive-dative graf grafului grafi grafilor
vocative grafule grafilor

Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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graf m (genitive singular grafa, plural grafaichean)

  1. graph

Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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grȁf m inan (Cyrillic spelling гра̏ф)

  1. (mathematics) graph
  2. (graph theory) graph

Declension

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Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative grȁf gràfovi
genitive grafa grafova
dative grafu grafovima
accusative graf grafove
vocative grafe grafovi
locative grafu grafovima
instrumental grafom grafovima

Swedish

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Etymology 1

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From English graph, shortened from graphic formula.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf c

  1. (mathematics) graph, the set
  2. (graph theory) graph; an ordered set (V,E) of edges which joins to the vertices such that each of the edge's ends is located at a vertex
Declension
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Declension of graf
nominative genitive
singular indefinite graf grafs
definite grafen grafens
plural indefinite grafer grafers
definite graferna grafernas
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf c

  1. obsolete spelling of grav
Declension
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Declension of graf
nominative genitive
singular indefinite graf grafs
definite grafven grafvens
plural indefinite grafvar grafvars
definite grafvarna grafvarnas

Volapük

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Noun

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graf (genitive grafa, plural grafs)

  1. count (ruler of a county)

Declension

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Declension of graf
Singular Plural
Nominative graf grafs
Genitive grafa grafas
Dative grafe grafes
Accusative grafi grafis
Predicative1 grafu grafus
Vocative o graf o grafs
  1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Derived terms

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