graf

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See also: graaf, Graf, gráf, and -graf

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio (AU)(file)

Etymology 1[edit]

From German Graf (“count”). Doublet of graaf and grave.

Noun[edit]

graf (plural grafs)

  1. (uncommon, now historical) A German or Austrian count.
    • 1843 February, "Graf de Tropp", in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, volume 27, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page 200]:
      Without ceremony, the Graf, on his entering the drawing-room, seated himself at the piano-forte, and proposed affording his new friends "a leetle example" how music was performed in Hungary.
Coordinate terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Phonetic respelling of clipping of paragraph.

Noun[edit]

graf (plural grafs)

  1. (journalism, slang) A paragraph.

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf (uncountable)

  1. Alternative spelling of graff (“graffiti”)
    • 2002, Janice Rahn, Painting Without Permission: Hip-hop Graffiti Subculture, page 7:
      For example, a current trend in graf is to simulate a three-dimensional effect (see Figure 1.2). No one graf artist is associated with having developed this method.
    • 2012, P. D. Smith, City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age, page 84:
      Naar had been photographing the 'palimpsest of writings and marks on walls' since 1955 and he says his interest in graf is 'political, in the Greek sense of engagement with the life of the "polis", or city-state'.
Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch graf and graft (see the plural).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf (plural grafte)

  1. grave

Albanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Verb[edit]

graf (aorist grafa, participle grafë)

  1. Gheg form of grah (“to incite; bellow, roar; rattle”)[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “graf ~ grah”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 121

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf m (plural grafs)

  1. (mathematics) graph

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

graf
graf

Etymology[edit]

Derived from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf m inan

  1. graph (mathematical diagram)
  2. (graph theory) graph (nodes and edges connecting the nodes)
  3. chart (graphical presentation)

Declension[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • graf in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • graf in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English graph.

Noun[edit]

graf

  1. graph, visualization of an equation or a function
  2. (graph theory) graph

Declension[edit]

Declension of graf
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative graf grafen grafer graferne
genitive grafs grafens grafers grafernes

Derived terms[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch graf, from Old Dutch *graf, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”).

Noun[edit]

graf n (plural graven, diminutive grafje n)

  1. grave
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Afrikaans: graf
  • Negerhollands: graf
  • → Papiamentu: graf

Etymology 2[edit]

From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean "serious, grave" as well as "very". The alternative form graaf (“very”), also slang, has the same origin and meaning, but stays closer to the original French pronunciation.

Adverb[edit]

graf

  1. (slang, Belgium) very
    Dat is graf duur — That's very expensive

French[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf m (plural grafs)

  1. (slang) Clipping of graffiti.
    L’usage du tag et du graf s’affirme d’autant plus comme un pouvoir de communication tribale constituant un code secret.
    The use of tags and graffiti is establishing itself all the more as a means of tribal communication constituting a secret code.

Further reading[edit]

Icelandic[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf n (genitive singular grafs, nominative plural gröf)

  1. graph, chart

Declension[edit]

declension of graf
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative graf grafið gröf gröfin
accusative graf grafið gröf gröfin
dative grafi grafinu gröfum gröfunum
genitive grafs grafsins grafa grafanna

Indonesian[edit]

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English graph.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf (plural graf-graf, first-person possessive grafku, second-person possessive grafmu, third-person possessive grafnya)

  1. (linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.
    Synonym: huruf

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English graph.

Noun[edit]

graf m (genitive singular graif, nominative plural graif)

  1. graph, chart

Declension[edit]

Declension of graf

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative graf graif
Vocative a ghraif a ghrafa
Genitive graif graf
Dative graf graif

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an graf na graif
Genitive an ghraif na ngraf
Dative leis an ngraf

don ghraf

leis na graif

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

graf (present analytic grafann, future analytic grafaidh, verbal noun grafadh, past participle grafa)

  1. (transitive, intransitive, literary) write; draw, sketch
  2. (transitive, mathematics, statistics) graph, plot, chart

Conjugation[edit]

conjugation of graf (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present grafaim grafann tú;
grafair† 		grafann sé, sí grafaimid grafann sibh grafann siad;
grafaid† 		a ghrafann; a ghrafas /
a ngrafann*; a ngrafas* 		graftar
past ghraf mé; ghrafas ghraf tú; ghrafais ghraf sé, sí ghrafamar; ghraf muid ghraf sibh; ghrafabhair ghraf siad; ghrafadar a ghraf /
ar ghraf* 		grafadh
past habitual ghrafainn / ngrafainn‡‡ ghraftá / ngraftᇇ ghrafadh sé, sí / ngrafadh sé, s퇇 ghrafaimis; ghrafadh muid / ngrafaimis‡‡; ngrafadh muid‡‡ ghrafadh sibh / ngrafadh sibh‡‡ ghrafaidís; ghrafadh siad / ngrafaidís‡‡; ngrafadh siad‡‡ a ghrafadh /
a ngrafadh* 		ghraftaí / ngrafta퇇
future grafaidh mé;
grafad 		grafaidh tú;
grafair† 		grafaidh sé, sí grafaimid;
grafaidh muid 		grafaidh sibh grafaidh siad;
grafaid† 		a ghrafaidh; a ghrafas /
a ngrafaidh*; a ngrafas* 		grafar
conditional ghrafainn / ngrafainn‡‡ ghrafá / ngrafᇇ ghrafadh sé, sí / ngrafadh sé, s퇇 ghrafaimis; ghrafadh muid / ngrafaimis‡‡; ngrafadh muid‡‡ ghrafadh sibh / ngrafadh sibh‡‡ ghrafaidís; ghrafadh siad / ngrafaidís‡‡; ngrafadh siad‡‡ a ghrafadh /
a ngrafadh* 		ghrafaí / ngrafa퇇
subjunctive present go ngrafa mé;
go ngrafad† 		go ngrafa tú;
go ngrafair† 		go ngrafa sé, sí go ngrafaimid;
go ngrafa muid 		go ngrafa sibh go ngrafa siad;
go ngrafaid† 		— go ngraftar
past dá ngrafainn dá ngraftá dá ngrafadh sé, sí dá ngrafaimis;
dá ngrafadh muid 		dá ngrafadh sibh dá ngrafaidís;
dá ngrafadh siad 		— dá ngraftaí
imperative grafaim graf grafadh sé, sí grafaimis grafaigí;
grafaidh† 		grafaidís — graftar
verbal noun grafadh
past participle graftha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
graf ghraf ngraf
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

Kashubian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from German Graf.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡraf/
  • Syllabification: graf

Noun[edit]

graf m inan

  1. count
    Synonym: hrabia

Declension[edit]

Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafòwie
genitive grafa grafów
dative grafòwi grafóm
accusative grafa grafów
instrumental grafã grafama
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafòwie

Further reading[edit]

  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “hrabia”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1-2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “hrabia”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “graf”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf

  1. Alternative form of grave

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English graph.

Noun[edit]

graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafer, definite plural grafene)

  1. graph (diagram)

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English graph.

Noun[edit]

graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafar, definite plural grafane)

  1. graph (diagram)

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Uncertain, lacking cognates in other Germanic languages. Perhaps from grafan (“to dig”), similar to drāf (“drove”) and drifan.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

grāf ?

  1. grove

Declension[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Puppel, S. (2010). Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. Germany: De Gruyter., p. 134-135

Old Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

graf m or f (plural graves)

  1. Apocopic form of grave; serious; grave; major
    • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 17v:
      e la coſa graf q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.
      And any grave matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish grof. Doublet of grabia and hrabia.

Noun[edit]

graf m pers

  1. (historical) count (male ruler of a county)
    Synonyms: grabia, hrabia
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafowie/grafy (deprecative)
genitive grafa grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative grafa grafów
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafowie
Derived terms[edit]
adjective
nouns

Etymology 2[edit]

Internationalism; compare English graph, French graphe, German Graph, ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein).

Noun[edit]

graf m inan

  1. (mathematics) graph
    Hypernym: wykres
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafy
genitive grafu grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative graf grafy
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafy
Derived terms[edit]
adjective

Etymology 3[edit]

Clipping of autograf.

Noun[edit]

graf m inan

  1. (slang) autograph
    Synonym: autograf
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafy
genitive grafa/grafu grafów
dative grafowi grafom
accusative graf grafy
instrumental grafem grafami
locative grafie grafach
vocative grafie grafy

Further reading[edit]

  • graf in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • graf in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from French graph.

Noun[edit]

graf n (plural grafuri)

  1. graph
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) graf graful (niște) grafuri grafurile
genitive/dative (unui) graf grafului (unor) grafuri grafurilor
vocative grafule grafurilor

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from German Graf.

Noun[edit]

graf m (plural grafi)

  1. count
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) graf graful (niște) grafi grafii
genitive/dative (unui) graf grafului (unor) grafi grafilor
vocative grafule grafilor

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf m (genitive singular grafa, plural grafaichean)

  1. graph

Derived terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Noun[edit]

grȁf m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏ф)

  1. (mathematics) graph
  2. (graph theory) graph

Declension[edit]

Declension of graf
singular plural
nominative grȁf gràfovi
genitive grafa grafova
dative grafu grafovima
accusative graf grafove
vocative grafe grafovi
locative grafu grafovima
instrumental grafom grafovima

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From English graph, shortened from graphic formula.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf c

  1. (mathematics) graph, the set
  2. (graph theory) graph; an ordered set (V,E) of edges which joins to the vertices such that each of the edge's ends is located at a vertex
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative graf grafen grafer graferna
Genitive grafs grafens grafers grafernas
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf c

  1. Obsolete spelling of grav
Declension[edit]
Declension of graf 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative graf grafven grafvar grafvarna
Genitive grafs grafvens grafvars grafvarnas

Volapük[edit]

Noun[edit]

graf (nominative plural grafs)

  1. count (ruler of a county)

Declension[edit]

declension of graf
singular plural
nominative graf grafs
genitive grafa grafas
dative grafe grafes
accusative grafi grafis
vocative 1 o graf! o grafs!
predicative 2 grafu grafus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

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