grof

See also: gróf, gröf, and Grof

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch grof, from Middle Dutch grof, from Old Dutch *grof, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χrɔf/

Adjective

grof (attributive growwe, comparative growwer, superlative grofste)

1. rude, impolite
2. rough, coarse
3. extreme, gross, grave

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch grof, from Old Dutch *grof, from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣrɔf/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: grof
• Rhymes: -ɔf

Adjective

grof (comparative grover or groffer, superlative grofst)

1. rough, coarse

   Synonyms: rauw, ruw, ruig

   Antonym: fijn

   De textuur van de stenen vloer was grof. ― The texture of the stone floor was coarse.

2. rude, very blunt

   Synonym: onbeleefd

   Antonym: beleefd

   Grof taalgebruik wordt hier niet op prijs gesteld. ― Rude language is not appreciated here.

3. extreme, gross, grave

   Dit is een grove mensenrechtenschending. ― This is a gross human rights violation.

Declension

(either)

Declension of grof
uninflected	grof
inflected	grove
comparative	grover
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		grof	grover	het grofst het grofste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	grove	grovere	grofste
	n. sing.	grof	grover	grofste
	plural	grove	grovere	grofste
definite		grove	grovere	grofste
partitive		grofs	grovers	—

(or less commonly)

Declension of grof
uninflected	grof
inflected	groffe
comparative	groffer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		grof	groffer	het grofst het grofste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	groffe	groffere	grofste
	n. sing.	grof	groffer	grofste
	plural	groffe	groffere	grofste
definite		groffe	groffere	grofste
partitive		grofs	groffers	—

Derived terms

• grof hoornblad
• grofheid
• grofmazig
• grofsmid
• grofweg
• grove den

Descendants

• Afrikaans: grof
• Berbice Creole Dutch: grofu
• Negerhollands: grof
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)
• → Papiamentu: gròf, grof
• → Sranan Tongo: grofu
  • → Caribbean Hindustani: grofu
  • → Caribbean Javanese: grofu
  • → Saramaccan: goófu

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *grof, from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz.

Adjective

grof

1. thick
2. large, great
3. course, rough

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: grof
  • Afrikaans: grof
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: grofu
  • Negerhollands: grof
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)
  • → Papiamentu: gròf, grof
  • → Sranan Tongo: grofu
    • → Caribbean Hindustani: grofu
    • → Caribbean Javanese: grofu
    • → Saramaccan: goófu
• Limburgish: graof
• → English: gruff

Further reading

• “grof (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “grof (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Noun

grof

1. alternative form of grove

Old English

Verb

grōf

1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of grafan

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian gróf, from Bavarian grâf (“count”).

Noun

grof m (plural grofi)

1. (historical) count

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	grof	groful		grofi	grofii
genitive-dative	grof	grofului		grofi	grofilor
vocative	grofule			grofilor

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

grȍf m anim (Cyrillic spelling гро̏ф)

1. count
2. earl

Declension

Declension of grof

	singular	plural
nominative	grȍf	gròfovi
genitive	gròfa	grofova
dative	grofu	grofovima
accusative	grofa	grofove
vocative	grofe	grofovi
locative	grofu	grofovima
instrumental	grofom	grofovima

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɔ́f/

Noun

grȍf m anim (female equivalent grofíca)

1. count (male ruler of a county)

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	gròf
gen. sing.	grôfa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	gròf	grôfa	grôfi grôfje
genitive (rodȋlnik)	grôfa	grôfov	grôfov
dative (dajȃlnik)	grôfu	grôfoma	grôfom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	grôfa	grôfa	grôfe
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	grôfu	grôfih	grôfih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	grôfom	grôfoma	grôfi