рай

See also: рај and paj

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rajь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [raj]

Noun

рай • (raj) m inan (genitive ра́ю, uncountable)

1. paradise, heaven

Declension

Declension of рай (inan sg-only soft masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	рай raj
genitive	ра́ю ráju
dative	ра́ю ráju
accusative	рай raj
instrumental	ра́ем rájem
locative	ра́і rái

References

• “рай” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [raj]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aj

Noun

рай • (raj) m (relational adjective ра́йски)

1. (uncountable) heaven, Eden
2. (countable) paradise

Declension

Declension of рай

	singular	plural
indefinite	рай raj	ра́йове1, ра́еве2 rájove1, ráeve2
definite (subject form)	ра́ят rájat	ра́йовете1, ра́евете2 rájovete1, ráevete2
definite (object form)	ра́я rája
count form	—	ра́я rája
vocative form	ра́ю ráju	ра́йове1, ра́еве2 rájove1, ráeve2

¹Rare.
²Archaic.

References

• “рай”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “рай”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	راي
Cyrillic	рай
Latin	rai

Etymology

From Arabic رَأْي (raʔy).

Noun

рай • (rai)

1. mood, intention

   Ол райынан қайтар емес.

   Ol raiynan qaitar emes.

   He will not back down from his intention.

2. state

   ауа райы

   aua raiy

   weather

3. (grammar) mood

   ашық рай

   aşyq rai

   the indicative

   бұйрық рай

   būiryq rai

   the imperative

   қалау рай

   qalau rai

   the optative

   шартты рай

   şartty rai

   conditional mood

Declension

Declension of рай

	singular	plural
nominative	рай (rai)	райлар (railar)
genitive	райдың (raidyñ)	райлардың (railardyñ)
dative	райға (raiğa)	райларға (railarğa)
accusative	райды (raidy)	райларды (railardy)
locative	райда (raida)	райларда (railarda)
ablative	райдан (raidan)	райлардан (railardan)
instrumental	раймен (raimen)	райлармен (railarmen)
similative	райдай (raidai)	райлардай (railardai)

Pannonian Rusyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈraj]
• Rhymes: -aj
• Hyphenation: рай

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Slovak raj, from Proto-Slavic *rajь. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn рай (raj) and Slovak raj.

Noun

рай (raj) m inan (relational adjective райски)

1. (uncountable, religion) Paradise, Heaven, Garden of Eden

   Near-synonym: нєбо (njebo)

2. (figuratively) paradise

Declension

Declension of рай (raj)

	singular	plural
nominative	рай (raj)	раї (raji)
genitive	раю (raju)	райох (rajox)
dative	раю (raju)	райом (rajom)
accusative	рай (raj)	раї (raji)
instrumental	райом (rajom)	раями (rajami)
locative	раю (raju)	райох (rajox)
vocative	раю (raju)	раї (raji)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “рай”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 738
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “paradise”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 203

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

рай (raj)

1. second-person singular imperative of раїц (rajic)

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь, borrowed from Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [raj]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aj

Noun

рай • (raj) m inan (genitive ра́я, uncountable, relational adjective ра́йский)

1. paradise, heaven

   Antonym: ад (ad)

Declension

Declension of рай (inan sg-only masc-form vowel-stem accent-a) 

	singular
nominative	ра́й ráj
genitive	ра́я rája
dative	ра́ю ráju
accusative	ра́й ráj
instrumental	ра́ем rájem
prepositional	ра́е ráje
locative	в раю́ v rajú

Pre-reform declension of рай (inan sg-only masc-form vowel-stem accent-a) 

	singular
nominative	ра́й ráj
genitive	ра́я rája
dative	ра́ю ráju
accusative	ра́й ráj
instrumental	ра́емъ rájem
prepositional	ра́ѣ rájě
locative	в раю́ v rajú

Derived terms

• раёк m (rajók), раёшник m anim (rajóšnik)
• ра́йский (rájskij)

Phrases

• понесла́сь душа́ в рай (poneslásʹ dušá v raj)
• рад бы в рай, да грехи́ не пуска́ют (rad by v raj, da grexí ne puskájut)

Proverbs

• во́льному во́ля, спасённому рай (vólʹnomu vólja, spasjónnomu raj)
• с ми́лым рай и в шалаше́ (s mílym raj i v šalašé)

Related terms

Ultimately from Latin rēs:

• реа́льный (reálʹnyj)
• ре́бус m (rébus)
• респу́блика f (respúblika)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: raaju

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “рай”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• (… Пусти бабу в рай, она и корову за собой ведет. …:) Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “баба”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• (… Как хлеба край, так и под елью рай; а хлеба ни куска, и в тереме тоска. …:) Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “ель”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rajь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rai̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

рай • (raj) m inan (genitive ра́ю, uncountable)

1. paradise, heaven

   Synonym: не́бо (nébo)

   Antonym: пе́кло (péklo)

Declension

Declension of рай
(inan sg-only j-stem masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	рай raj
genitive	ра́ю ráju
dative	ра́ю, ра́єві ráju, rájevi
accusative	рай raj
instrumental	ра́єм rájem
locative	ра́ю, ра́ї ráju, ráji
vocative	ра́ю ráju

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “рай”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “рай”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]