ад

See also: яд, -ад, Ад, and Appendix:Variations of "ad"

Azerbaijani

Noun

ад (definite accusative ады, plural адлар)

1. Cyrillic spelling of ad (“name”)

Declension

Declension of ад

	singular	plural
nominative	ад	адлар
definite accusative	ады	адлары
dative	ада	адлара
locative	адда	адларда
ablative	аддан	адлардан
definite genitive	адын	адлары

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• ad — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian отъ (ot), from Proto-Slavic *otъ. Cognate with Polish od, Russian от (ot) and Ukrainian од (od).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at]
• Rhymes: -at

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

ад • (ad) (before consonant clusters ада)

1. from
2. (dated, regional) than (used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison)

   Synonym: за (za)

   • 1856, Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič, “Kupałła”, in Ciekawyś? Przeczytaj!, Minsk: Drukiem Jokiela Dworzeca, page 32:

     Adná u zółacie, héta Maksimawa, / Druhá uaksamície ^{[sic – meaning u aksamície]}, héta Wasílkawa, / Na tréćciaj spadníczka at sniéhu bialéjsza, / Pryhóżeńkim liczkam at usích kraśniéjsza!

     [Адна ў золаце, гэта Максімава, / Другая ў аксаміце, гэта Васількава, / На трэцяй бялейшая за снег спаднічка, / [І яна] прыгожанькім лічкам прывабнейшая за ўсіх!]

     Adna w zólacje, heta Maksimava, / Druhaja w aksamicje, heta Vasilʹkava, / Na trecjaj bjaljejšaja za snjeh spadnička, / [I jana] pryhóžanʹkim ličkam pryvabnjejšaja za wsix!

     One is dressed in gold, she is Maksim's [girlfriend/wife]. / Another is dressed in samite, she is Vasil's [girlfriend/wife]. / The third wears a whiter than snow skirt, / and has a pretty face, the most beautiful among them all.

Further reading

• "ад" in Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984) at Verbum

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at
• Homophone: ат (at)

Noun

ад • (ad) m (relational adjective а́дски or а́дов)

1. hell, inferno, perdition

Declension

Declension of ад

	singular	plural
indefinite	ад ad	а́дове1 ádove1
definite (subject form)	а́дът ádǎt	а́довете1 ádovete1
definite (object form)	а́да áda
count form	—	а́да áda
vocative form	а́де áde	а́дове1 ádove1

¹Rare.

References

• “ад”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “ад”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “ад”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 4
• “ад”, in Български тълковен речник [Bulgarian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), fourth edition, Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 2005, →ISBN, page 19

Anagrams

• да (da), АД (AD)

Kalmyk

Cyrillic	Clear Script
ад (ad)	ᠠᡑᠠ (ada)

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ada.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /at/, [a̠ˈd̥ə̠]

Noun

ад • (ad)

1. madness
2. evil spirit

Adjective

ад • (ad)

1. (by extension) furious, invulnerable

Ket

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *ad ~ *aj (“I”, first person singular personal pronoun), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *Ha- (generic personal pronoun base) + Proto-Yeniseian *-jʳ ~ *-xʷ (first person singular pronoun formant).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /¹ad/, [aˑt˧]

Pronoun

ад ~ ат (ād)

1. I (first person singular personal pronoun)

Further reading

• Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 75
• Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 72

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at]
• Hyphenation: ад

Noun

ад • (ad) m (relational adjective а́дски)

1. hell (the abode of the damned)

   Synonym: пе́кол m (pékol)

Declension

Declension of ад

	singular	plural
indefinite	ад (ad)	ади (adi)
definite unspecified	адот (adot)	адите (adite)
definite proximal	адов (adov)	адиве (adive)
definite distal	адон (adon)	адине (adine)
vocative	аду (adu)	ади (adi)
count form	—	ада (ada)

See also

• Ад m (Ad)

References

• “ад” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Mongolian

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *ada, likely a borrowing from Old Uyghur 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰 (ada, “menace”).

Pronunciation

• • IPA^(key): /ˈat/
  • Syllabification: ад (1 syllable)

Noun

ад • (ad) (Mongolian spelling ᠠᠳᠠ (ada)); (regular declension)

1. devil, evil spirit
2. nuisance, menace

Adjective

ад • (ad)

1. sly
2. weird

Ossetian

Noun

ад • (ad)

1. taste

Russian

Alternative forms

• адъ (ad) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic адъ (adŭ), from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at

Noun

ад • (ad) m inan (genitive а́да, nominative plural а́ды, genitive plural а́дов, relational adjective а́дский or а́довый or а́дов, diminutive адо́к, augmentative а́дище)

1. (Christianity or figuratively) hell, Hades (the abode of the damned)

   Synonyms: пе́кло (péklo), преиспо́дняя (preispódnjaja), гее́нна (gejénna)

   Near-synonym: тартарары́ (tartararý)

   соше́ствие Христа́ в а́д ― sošéstvije Xristá v ád ― Christ's Harrowing of Hell

2. (dialectal, Siberia) bog, unpassable mud

Declension

Declension of ад (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	а́д ád	а́ды ády
genitive	а́да áda	а́дов ádov
dative	а́ду ádu	а́дам ádam
accusative	а́д ád	а́ды ády
instrumental	а́дом ádom	а́дами ádami
prepositional	а́де áde	а́дах ádax
locative	в аду́ v adú

Derived terms

• а́дище (ádišče, “"a great hell", a very difficult situation”)

Compounds:

• семь круго́в а́да (semʹ krugóv áda)
• су́щий ад m (súščij ad)

Related terms

• Аи́д m anim (Aíd)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: aada, vaadu
• → Kildin Sami: адт (adt)

See also

• жу́пел m (žúpel)

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “ад”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Udi

Noun

ад • (ad)

1. smell

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian адъ (ad), from Old East Slavic адъ (adŭ), from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs). Doublet of Аї́д (Ajíd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ad]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ад • (ad) m inan (genitive а́ду, nominative plural а́ди, genitive plural а́дів)

1. (dated) hell

   Synonym: пе́кло (péklo)

Declension

Declension of ад
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ад ad	а́ди ády
genitive	а́ду ádu	а́дів ádiv
dative	а́дові, а́ду ádovi, ádu	а́дам ádam
accusative	ад ad	а́ди ády
instrumental	а́дом ádom	а́дами ádamy
locative	а́ді ádi	а́дах ádax
vocative	а́де áde	а́ди ády

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ад”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “ад”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• “ад”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]
• “ад”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua, Slovnyk.ua]‎^[2]