стол

See also: Appendix:Variations of "stol"

Belarusian

(1) стол і сінія крэслы

(2) стол знаходак

Alternative forms

• stoł — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian столъ (stol), from Proto-Slavic *stolъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stoɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

стол • (stol) m inan (genitive стала́, nominative plural сталы́, genitive plural стало́ў)

1. table (furniture with a flat top surface to accommodate a variety of uses)
   • 1937, Ijeranim Łucyk, Pieraškoda, Vilnius: Drukarnia „Marianum“, page 46:

     Hanna z Woleju prynosiać zakusku i stawiać na stoł.

     Hanna and Vola bring snacks and put them on the table.

   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 350:

     Сёння вечарам агні мігацяць у вокнах, чырванаваты водбліск каміна цёпла і весела кладзецца на парт'еры і мяккія дываны, абед гатоў, стол прыгожа нарыхтаваны, але толькі на чатыры персоны, а буфет завален сталовым срэбрам.

     Sjónnja vječaram ahni mihacjacʹ u vóknax, čyrvanavaty vódblisk kamina cjópla i vjesjela kladzjecca na partʺjery i mjakkija dyvany, abjed hatów, stol pryhóža naryxtavany, alje tólʹki na čatyry pjersóny, a bufjet zavaljen stalóvym srebram.

     [original: Lights are sparkling in the windows this evening, and the ruddy glow of fires is warm and bright upon the hangings and soft carpets, and the dinner waits to be served, and the dinner-table is handsomely set forth, though only for four persons, and the side board is cumbrous with plate.]

   • 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 71:

     Потым ён стаў сам умывацца, а яго прыёмны сын у гэты час ужо ўсеўся за стол і рыхтаваўся прыступіць да яды.

     Pótym jon staw sam umyvacca, a jahó pryjómny syn u hety čas užó wsjewsja za stol i ryxtavawsja prystupicʹ da jady.

     [original: He now proceeded to comfort his own face with a wash, and while he was at it his adopted child seated himself at the table and prepared to fall to.]

2. infodesk, bureau (an organization or office for collecting or providing information)
   • 1932, Ciška Hartny, Крыжавыя дарогі (Збор твораў; 4), Minsk: ДВБ, page 116:

     Ня мог ён вылучыць вольнае гадзіны, каб наведаць адрасны стол і справіцца пра Ганну…

     Nja moh jon vylučycʹ vólʹnaje hadziny, kab navjedacʹ adrasny stol i spravicca pra Hannu…

     He couldn't find a free hour to visit the domicile registration bureau and inquire about Hanna...

Declension

Declension of стол (inan hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	стол stol	сталы́ stalý
genitive	стала́ stalá	стало́ў stalów
dative	сталу́ stalú	стала́м stalám
accusative	стол stol	сталы́ stalý
instrumental	стало́м stalóm	стала́мі stalámi
locative	стале́ staljé	стала́х staláx
count form	—	сталы́1 stalý1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “столъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 412
• “стол”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “стол” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

средство стол

стол на чаша за вино

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stɔɫ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian, l-vocalization):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔɫ

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.

Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-o-lo-m

Proto-Balto-Slavic *stálan

Proto-Slavic *stolъder.

Old Church Slavonic столъ (stolŭ)

Bulgarian стол

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic столъ (stolŭ), from Proto-Slavic *stolъ, probably an instrumental noun of стоя́ (stojá, “to stand”) +‎ -ол (-ol).

Noun

стол • (stol) m (diminutive сто́лец or сто́лче)

1. chair, stool (furniture on which one can sit)
2. (obsolete) stall, bench (booth on which multiple individuals can sit)

   Synonyms: пе́йка (péjka), скаме́йка (skaméjka)

3. (technical) a glass' stem

Declension

Declension of стол

	singular	plural
indefinite	стол stol	столо́ве stolóve
definite (subject form)	сто́лът stólǎt	столо́вете stolóvete
definite (object form)	сто́ла stóla
count form	—	сто́ла stóla

Derived terms

adjectives

• сто́лен (stólen)
• столова́т (stolovát)

nouns

• престо́л (prestól, “throne”)
• (agent nouns) стола́р m (stolár), стола́рка f (stolárka)
• сто́лица (stólica, “capital”)
• (collective) сто́лнина (stólnina) (obsolete)
• (collective) столова́ (stolová)

Related terms

• стан (stan, “loom; camp”)
• сто́йка (stójka, “stand”)
• стоя́нка (stojánka, “stop”)

References

• “стол¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “стол (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “столъ; сто́лове или сто́ли”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 261
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стол¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, pages 472-474
• “столъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

помещение стол

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian стол (stol, “table”). Diachronically, from the same origin as the inherited term.

Noun

стол • (stol) m

1. canteen (dining room)

   Synonym: столова́ (stolová)

Declension

Declension of стол

	singular	plural
indefinite	стол stol	сто́лове stólove
definite (subject form)	сто́лът stólǎt	сто́ловете stólovete
definite (object form)	сто́ла stóla
count form	—	сто́ла stóla

Related terms

• насто́лен (nastólen, “tabletop”) (also a Russian loanword)

References

• “стол²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “стол (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стол²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 474

Anagrams

• лост (lost)

Even

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian стол (stol)

Noun

стол (stol)

1. table

References

• Cincius, V. I.; Rišes, L. D. (1952), Русско-эвенский словарь [Russian–Even Dictionary], Moscow

Kumyk

Etymology

From Russian стол (stol).

Noun

стол • (stol)

1. table

Declension

Declension of стол (stol)

	singular	plural
nominative	стол (stol)	столлар (stollar)
accusative	столну (stolnu)	столланы (stollanı)
dative	столгъа (stolğa)	столлагъа (stollağa)
locative	столда (stolda)	столларда (stollarda)
ablative	столдан (stoldan)	столлардан (stollardan)
genitive	столну (stolnu)	столланы (stollanı)

Possessive forms of стол (stol)

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	столум (stolum)	столларым (stollarım)
accusative	столумну (stolumnu)	столларымны (stollarımnı)
dative	столумгъа (stolumğa)	столларыма (stollarıma)
locative	столумда (stolumda)	столларымда (stollarımda)
ablative	столумдан (stolumdan)	столларымдан (stollarımdan)
genitive	столумну (stolumnu)	столларымны (stollarımnı)
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	столубуз (stolubuz)	столларыбыз (stollarıbız)
accusative	столубузну (stolubuznu)	столларыбызны (stollarıbıznı)
dative	столубузгъа (stolubuzğa)	столларыбызгъа (stollarıbızğa)
locative	столубузда (stolubuzda)	столларыбызда (stollarıbızda)
ablative	столубуздан (stolubuzdan)	столларыбыздан (stollarıbızdan)
genitive	столубузну (stolubuznu)	столларыбызны (stollarıbıznı)
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	столунгъ (stolunğ)	столларынгъ (stollarınğ)
accusative	столунгъну (stolunğnu)	столларынгъны (stollarınğnı)
dative	столунгъа (stolunğa)	столларынгъа (stollarınğa)
locative	столунгъда (stolunğda)	столларынгъда (stollarınğda)
ablative	столунгъдан (stolunğdan)	столларынгъдан (stollarınğdan)
genitive	столунгъну (stolunğnu)	столларынгъны (stollarınğnı)
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	столугъуз (stoluğuz)	столларыгъыз (stollarığız)
accusative	столугъузну (stoluğuznu)	столларыгъызны (stollarığıznı)
dative	столугъузгъа (stoluğuzğa)	столларыгъызгъа (stollarığızğa)
locative	столугъузда (stoluğuzda)	столларыгъызда (stollarığızda)
ablative	столугъуздан (stoluğuzdan)	столларыбыздан (stollarıbızdan)
genitive	столугъузну (stoluğuznu)	столларыгъызны (stollarığıznı)
3rd person
	singular	plural
nominative	столу (stolu)	столлары (stolları)
accusative	столун (stolun)	столларын (stolların)
dative	столуна (stoluna)	столларына (stollarına)
locative	столунда (stolunda)	столларында (stollarında)
ablative	столундан (stolundan)	столларындан (stollarından)
genitive	столуну (stolunu)	столларыны (stollarını)

Further reading

• Бамматов Б.Г., editor (2013), “стол”, in Кумыкско-русский словарь [Kumyk–Russian dictionary], Makhachkala: ИЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stolъ (“table”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stɔɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

стол • (stol) m (relational adjective столен, diminutive столче)

1. chair

   Synonym: столица (stolica)

Declension

Declension of стол

	singular	plural
indefinite	стол (stol)	столови (stolovi)
definite unspecified	столот (stolot)	столовите (stolovite)
definite proximal	столов (stolov)	столовиве (stolovive)
definite distal	столон (stolon)	столовине (stolovine)
vocative	столу (stolu)	столови (stolovi)
count form	—	стола (stola)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak stol, from Proto-Slavic *stolъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn стул (stul) and Slovak stôl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstɔl]
• Rhymes: -ɔl
• Hyphenation: стол

Noun

стол (stol) m inan (diminutive столїк or столчок, augmentative столиско, relational adjective столни or столови)

1. table, desk

   шедайце ґу столу ― šedajce gu stolu ― sit at the table

   порихтац стол ― porixtac stol ― set the table

   я праве од стола ― ja prave od stola ― I just ate (literally, “I am just from the table”)

2. (obsolete) throne

   Synonyms: трон (tron), престол (prestol)

Declension

Declension of стол (stol)

	singular	plural
nominative	стол (stol)	столи (stoli)
genitive	стола (stola)	столох (stolox)
dative	столу (stolu)	столом (stolom)
accusative	стол (stol)	столи (stoli)
instrumental	столом (stolom)	столами (stolami)
locative	столє / столу (stolje / stolu)	столох (stolox)
vocative	столу (stolu)	столи (stoli)

Related terms

nouns

• постолє n (postolje)
• столар m inan (stolar)
• столария f (stolarija)
• столок m inan (stolok)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “стол”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “table”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 318

Russian

Alternative forms

• столъ (stol) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic столъ (stolŭ), Proto-Slavic *stolъ. Cognate with English stool. Doublet of стул (stul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stoɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

Noun

стол • (stol) m inan (genitive стола́, nominative plural столы́, genitive plural столо́в, relational adjective столо́вый, diminutive сто́лик)

1. table

   Meronym: столе́шница (stoléšnica)

   Свеча́ горе́ла на столе́. ― Svečá goréla na stolé. ― A candle was burning on the table.

   со стола́ ― so stolá ― off the table

   гото́вить пра́здничный стол ― gotóvitʹ prázdničnyj stol ― to cook a holiday meal

   накрыва́ть на стол ― nakryvátʹ na stol ― to set the table

   убира́ть со стола́ ― ubirátʹ so stolá ― to clear the table

   • 1905, Фёдор Сологуб [Fyodor Sologub], chapter VIII, in Мелкий бес; English translation from John Cournos and Richard Aldington, transl., The Little Demon, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1916:

     Рю́мки для во́дки пода́ли с отби́тыми и обто́ченными до́нышками, чтоб их нельзя́ бы́ло поста́вить на стол.

     Rjúmki dlja vódki podáli s otbítymi i obtóčennymi dónyškami, štob ix nelʹzjá býlo postávitʹ na stol.

     The vodka glasses looked as if the foot had been broken off and the stem sharpened so that they would not stand upright on the table.

2. (figuratively) board, fare, cuisine
   • 1846, Фёдор Достоевский [Fyodor Dostoevsky], “Июнь. Тетрадь. II”, in Бедные люди; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., Poor People, 1914:

     Он учи́л Са́шу францу́зскому и неме́цкому языка́м, исто́рии, геогра́фии — всем нау́кам, как говори́ла А́нна Фёдоровна, и за то получа́л от неё кварти́ру и стол[...]

     On učíl Sášu francúzskomu i neméckomu jazykám, istórii, geográfii — vsem naúkam, kak govoríla Ánna Fjódorovna, i za to polučál ot nejó kvartíru i stol[...]

     He used to teach Sasha French and German, history, geography—all the sciences, as Anna Fyodorovna said, and for this he had his board and lodging from her.

3. department, section, office, bureau

   па́спортный стол ― pásportnyj stol ― passport office

4. (archaic) throne (also figuratively)

   Synonym: престо́л (prestól)

5. (aerospace) pad

   ста́ртовый стол ― stártovyj stol ― launchpad

Declension

Declension of стол (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	сто́л stól	столы́ stolý
genitive	стола́ stolá	столо́в stolóv
dative	столу́ stolú	стола́м stolám
accusative	сто́л stól	столы́ stolý
instrumental	столо́м stolóm	стола́ми stolámi
prepositional	столе́ stolé	стола́х stoláx

Derived terms

• засто́лье n (zastólʹje)
• столе́шница f (stoléšnica)
• столова́ться impf (stolovátʹsja)
• столо́вая f (stolóvaja)

Compound words:

• столонача́льник m anim (stolonačálʹnik)

Related terms

• престо́л m (prestól)
• столи́ца f (stolíca)
• сто́льник m anim (stólʹnik)
• сто́льный (stólʹnyj)
• столяр m anim (stoljar)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: stol, istol, istov (dialectal)
• → Armenian: ըստոլ (əstol) (Karabakh)
• → Bashkir: өҫтәл (öśtəl)
• → Georgian: სთოლი (stoli)
  • → Bats: სტოლ (sṭol), შტოლ (šṭol)
  • → Bezhta: истӏоли (istʼoli)
• → Even: стол (stol)
• → Kazakh: үстел (üstel)
• → Kildin Sami: туэлль (tuell’)
• → Laz: სტოლი (sťoli), ოსტოლი (osťoli) — Ghvant, სთოლი (stoli) — Sumla
• → Mingrelian: სტოლი (sṭoli), სთოლი (stoli)
• → Turkish: istol, isdol
• → Udi: истӏол (isṭol)
• → Uzbek: stol
• → Western Mari: стӧл (stöl)
• → Yup'ik: estuuluq

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стол”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “стол”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 204
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стол”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “стол”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 405
• Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010), “стол”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 382

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “стол”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• сто̑

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stolъ.

Doublet of а̀ста̄л, from the same ultimate source only borrowed through Hungarian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stôːl/

Noun

сто̑л m inan (Latin spelling stȏl)

1. (Croatia) table

   Synonym: а̀ста̄л

Declension

Declension of стол

	singular	plural
nominative	сто̑ / сто̑л	стòлови
genitive	стòла	стòлōвā
dative	стòлу	стòловима
accusative	сто̑ / сто̑л	стòлове
vocative	стȍле	стòлови
locative	стòлу	стòловима
instrumental	стòлом	стòловима

Further reading

• “стол”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026