հարկ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Archived revision by WingerBot (talk | contribs) as of 05:59, 25 September 2019.
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Armenian

Etymology 1

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Armenian յարկ (yark).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

հարկ (hark)

  1. floor, storey
    այս շենքն ունի հինգ հարկays šenkʻn uni hing harkthis building has five floors
  2. roof
    մեկ հարկի տակ ապրելmek harki tak aprelto live under one roof
Declension
Descendants
  • Georgian: ხარგა (xarga) (possibly)

Etymology 2

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Armenian հարկ (hark).

Pronunciation

Noun

հարկ (hark)

  1. necessity, need
    հարկ չկա անհանգստանալուhark čʻka anhangstanaluthere is no need to worry
    հարկ համարելhark hamarelconsider it necessary
Declension

Etymology 3

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Armenian հարկ (hark).

Pronunciation

Noun

հարկ (hark)

  1. tax
    հարկեր վճարելharker včarelto pay taxes
  2. tribute
    հարկ դնելhark dnelto lay under tribute
Declension

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

Ačaṙyan does not separate from հարկ (hark, tribute, tax) and հարկանեմ (harkanem, to beat), deriving all from the same (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European root, on which see հարկանեմ (harkanem).

J̌ahukyan separates the three words and derives հարկ (hark, necessity; compulsion) from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-g-, from *per- (to try, to dare, to risk; danger), with cognates such as Old Armenian փորձ (pʻorj), Ancient Greek πεῖρα (peîra), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰 (fairina, crimination), Old Norse fár (bale, harm). See Pokorny for this root.

Noun

հարկ (hark)

  1. necessity, want, need
    հարկ էhark ēone must, it is necessary
    հարկ էրhark ērit was necessary
    չէ հարկ, չէ ինչ հարկčʻē hark, čʻē inčʻ harkit is not necessary, there is no need, no matter
    հարկ դժնդակhark džndakshocking necessity
    առանց հարկիaṙancʻ harkiwithout necessity
    հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկիharkaw, i harkē, aṙ harkinecessarily, of necessity, essentially; inevitably, indispensably
    հարկ ի վերայ կայ ինձhark i veray kay injnecessity obliges me to
    հարկ եղեւ նմա բողոքել ի կայսրնhark ełew nma bołokʻel i kaysrnhe was obliged to appeal to Caesar
    հարկ եղեւ մեզ առնելhark ełew mez aṙnelwe were obliged, compelled or constrained to do
    հարկ է ինձ երթալhark ē inj ertʻalI must go
    ըստ հարկի ժամանակինəst harki žamanakinaccording to the wants of the age
    մեռցուք եթէ հարկ լիցիmeṙcʻukʻ etʻē hark licʻilet us die if it must be!
  2. compulsion, force
    հարկաւ, ի հարկէ, առ հարկիharkaw, i harkē, aṙ harkiby force, by compulsion, forcibly
    հարկ առնելhark aṙnelto force, to constrain, to use violence
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants

References

Etymology 2

Ačaṙyan does not separate from հարկ (hark, necessity, want) and հարկանեմ (harkanem, to beat), deriving all from the same (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European root, on which see հարկանեմ (harkanem).

J̌ahukyan separates the three words and after Bailey derives հարկ (hark, tribute; tax) from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language code; the value "ira" is not valid. See WT:LOL.; compare Parthian 𐭇𐭓𐭊 (hark-) (in 𐭇𐭓𐭊𐭐𐭕𐭉 (harkpat, receiver general)), Middle Persian hlg (harg, duty, tribute; work, effort), Khotanese [script needed] (harga-, tax), Aramaic 𐡄𐡋𐡊 (hēleḵ, tribute), and Arabic خرج (xarj), possibly from Iranian. Doublet of երկք (erkkʻ). For the ultimate origin see Cheung.[1]

Noun

հարկ (hark)

  1. tribute; penalty; tax, impost, duty, excise
    հարկս հարկանելharks harkanelto pay a tribute; to be tribute to
    ընդ հարկաւ արկանել, ի հարկի կացուցանելənd harkaw arkanel, i harki kacʻucʻanelto place or lay under contribution, to tax, to load or burden with imposts, to levy contributions, to render tributary, to subdue, to subject, to enslave, to subjugate
    հարկ վերադիրhark veradiradditional tax
    հարկ տարապայմանhark tarapaymanover-assessment
    հարկ հանելhark hanelto gather in, to exact tribute, to raise money, to put a tax on
    հատուցանել զհարկ շնորհապարտ մեծարանացնhatucʻanel zhark šnorhapart mecaranacʻnto pay the tribute of gratitude
  2. duty, service
    ի հարկի կալ, մտանել ի հարկi harki kal, mtanel i harkto serve, to subject oneself to, to submit
  3. collection (an act of collecting money to help a charity or during a church service)
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants

Further reading

  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “հարկ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, pages 391–392
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “հարկ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 62bc
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “հար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page հարկ of 52–55, 60
  • Bailey, H. W. (1979) “harga-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 469a
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 531
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “harg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 43
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “հարկ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 452a

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 131–132