על

Aramaic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕal/

Preposition

על • (transliteration needed)

1. on, upon
2. over
3. about, concerning

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Hebrew

Etymology

Root
ע־ל־ה (ʿ-l-h)

Cognate to Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā), Ge'ez ላዕለ (laʿlä).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/
• Rhymes: -al

Preposition

עַל • (al)

1. (literally) On, on top of.
2. (figuratively) On.
3. (with enclitic pronoun) must
   • c. 3rd century, "Aleynu leshabei'ach":

     עָלֵינוּ לְשַׁבֵּחַ לַאֲדוֹן הַכֹּל

     Aleinu l'shabeach la'adon hakol

     We must praise the master of all

     (literally, “It is upon us to praise the master of all”)

Usage notes

• Various verbs are construed with the preposition על; for example, ויתר על (vitér al) means “to give up on”.

Inflection

Inflection table

Non-personal-pronoun-including form				עַל ('al)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First person	עליי / עָלַי ('alái)		עָלֵינוּ ('aléinu)
Second person	עָלֶיךָ ('alékha)	עלייך / עָלַיִךְ ('aláyikh)	עֲלֵיכֶם ('aleikhém)	עֲלֵיכֶן ('aleikhén)
Third person	עָלָיו ('aláv)	עָלֶיהָ ('aléha)	עֲלֵיהֶם ('aleihém)	עֲלֵיהֶן ('aleihén)

Prefix

עַל • (ál)

1. Super-: above; more than; larger than.

   מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpakhá, “family”) → עַל־מִשְׁפָּחָה (ál-mishpakhá, “superfamily”)

   יַבֶּשֶׁת (yabéshet, “continent”) → יַבֶּשֶׁת־עַל (yabéshet-ál, “supercontinent”)

   טִבְעִי (tiv'í, “natural”) → עַל־טִבְעִי (ál-tiv'í, “supernatural”)

Usage notes

• Typically used to form calques from English and other languages.
• Sometimes attached to the following word via a hyphen; otherwise, separated by a space.
• In some compounds, follows the base word as a suffix rather than preceding it as a prefix.

Antonyms

• (super-): תת־ (tát-, “sub-”)

Suffix

עַל • (ál)

1. Alternative form of the prefix; see above.