ألف
Arabic
Etymology 1
From Phoenician 𐤀𐤋𐤐 (ʾlp).
Pronunciation
Noun
أَلِف • (ʔalif) f (plural أَلِفَات (ʔalifāt))
Declension
Declension of noun أَلِف (ʔalif)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَلِف ʔalif |
الْأَلِف al-ʔalif |
أَلِف ʔalif |
Nominative | أَلِفٌ ʔalifun |
الْأَلِفُ al-ʔalifu |
أَلِفُ ʔalifu |
Accusative | أَلِفًا ʔalifan |
الْأَلِفَ al-ʔalifa |
أَلِفَ ʔalifa |
Genitive | أَلِفٍ ʔalifin |
الْأَلِفِ al-ʔalifi |
أَلِفِ ʔalifi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | أَلِفَيْن ʔalifayn |
الْأَلِفَيْن al-ʔalifayn |
أَلِفَيْ ʔalifay |
Nominative | أَلِفَانِ ʔalifāni |
الْأَلِفَانِ al-ʔalifāni |
أَلِفَا ʔalifā |
Accusative | أَلِفَيْنِ ʔalifayni |
الْأَلِفَيْنِ al-ʔalifayni |
أَلِفَيْ ʔalifay |
Genitive | أَلِفَيْنِ ʔalifayni |
الْأَلِفَيْنِ al-ʔalifayni |
أَلِفَيْ ʔalifay |
Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَلِفَات ʔalifāt |
الْأَلِفَات al-ʔalifāt |
أَلِفَات ʔalifāt |
Nominative | أَلِفَاتٌ ʔalifātun |
الْأَلِفَاتُ al-ʔalifātu |
أَلِفَاتُ ʔalifātu |
Accusative | أَلِفَاتٍ ʔalifātin |
الْأَلِفَاتِ al-ʔalifāti |
أَلِفَاتِ ʔalifāti |
Genitive | أَلِفَاتٍ ʔalifātin |
الْأَلِفَاتِ al-ʔalifāti |
أَلِفَاتِ ʔalifāti |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Semitic *ʾalp-.
Numeral
[a], [b] ← 100 | ← 900 | ١٬٠٠٠ 1,000 |
2,000 → | 1,000,000 (106) → [a], [b] |
---|---|---|---|---|
100[a], [b] | ||||
Cardinal: أَلْف (ʔalf) |
أَلْف • (ʔalf) m (dual أَلْفَانِ (ʔalfāni), plural آلَاف (ʔālāf) or أُلُوف (ʔulūf))
- thousand
- أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ (ʔalfu laylatin walaylatun) — One thousand and one nights (lit. "a thousand nights and a night")
Declension
Declension of numeral أَلْف (ʔalf)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَلْف ʔalf |
الْأَلْف al-ʔalf |
أَلْف ʔalf |
Nominative | أَلْفٌ ʔalfun |
الْأَلْفُ al-ʔalfu |
أَلْفُ ʔalfu |
Accusative | أَلْفًا ʔalfan |
الْأَلْفَ al-ʔalfa |
أَلْفَ ʔalfa |
Genitive | أَلْفٍ ʔalfin |
الْأَلْفِ al-ʔalfi |
أَلْفِ ʔalfi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | أَلْفَيْن ʔalfayn |
الْأَلْفَيْن al-ʔalfayn |
أَلْفَيْ ʔalfay |
Nominative | أَلْفَانِ ʔalfāni |
الْأَلْفَانِ al-ʔalfāni |
أَلْفَا ʔalfā |
Accusative | أَلْفَيْنِ ʔalfayni |
الْأَلْفَيْنِ al-ʔalfayni |
أَلْفَيْ ʔalfay |
Genitive | أَلْفَيْنِ ʔalfayni |
الْأَلْفَيْنِ al-ʔalfayni |
أَلْفَيْ ʔalfay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | آلَاف; أُلُوف ʔālāf; ʔulūf |
الْآلَاف; الْأُلُوف al-ʔālāf; al-ʔulūf |
آلَاف; أُلُوف ʔālāf; ʔulūf |
Nominative | آلَافٌ; أُلُوفٌ ʔālāfun; ʔulūfun |
الْآلَافُ; الْأُلُوفُ al-ʔālāfu; al-ʔulūfu |
آلَافُ; أُلُوفُ ʔālāfu; ʔulūfu |
Accusative | آلَافًا; أُلُوفًا ʔālāfan; ʔulūfan |
الْآلَافَ; الْأُلُوفَ al-ʔālāfa; al-ʔulūfa |
آلَافَ; أُلُوفَ ʔālāfa; ʔulūfa |
Genitive | آلَافٍ; أُلُوفٍ ʔālāfin; ʔulūfin |
الْآلَافِ; الْأُلُوفِ al-ʔālāfi; al-ʔulūfi |
آلَافِ; أُلُوفِ ʔālāfi; ʔulūfi |
Descendants
Usage notes
- أَلْف (ʔalf) is a noun. When used with a corresponding noun, it governs that noun in the genitive singular, e.g. أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ (ʔalfu laylatin, “one thousand nights”). When used as part of larger numbers (2,000, 20,000, etc.), it behaves as a normal masculine noun, e.g. أَلْفَانِ (ʔalfāni, “two thousand”), خَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ (ḵamsatu ʔālāfin, “five thousand”), عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا (ʕišrūna ʔalfan, “twenty thousand”).
Etymology 3
From Proto-Semitic *ʾalip- (“to be familiar with”). From the root ء ل ف (ʔ-l-f).
Verb
أَلِفَ • (ʔalifa) I, non-past يَأْلَفُ (yaʔlafu)
- to be or become familiar with, to become accustomed, to share the yoke, to be or become amicable or tame
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 27, Art. 21, pages 284–285:
- وقيل أنه إذا طليت خلايا من داخلها بعصارة ورقه ألفها النحل وأنجلبت إليها وقيل من ترنجان نوع بري نقول ضد ذلك وهو إذا طرح مع النحلة أحرجها.
- And it is said (about the lemon-balm Melissa officinalis) that when one daubs beehives from the inner with an extract pressed from its leaves then the bees approve of it and are attracted to them and it is said of the lemon-balm’s wild form, the dead-nettle (Lamium flexuosum), that one has to say against that that when it is advanced to a bee it drives it out.
Conjugation
Conjugation of
أَلِفَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns أَلْف or إِلْف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
أَلْف or إِلْف ʔalf or ʔilf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʔālif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maʔlūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʔaliftu |
ʔalifta |
أَلِفَ ʔalifa |
ʔaliftumā |
ʔalifā |
ʔalifnā |
ʔaliftum |
ʔalifū | |||
f | ʔalifti |
ʔalifat |
ʔalifatā |
ʔaliftunna |
ʔalifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔālafu |
taʔlafu |
yaʔlafu |
taʔlafāni |
yaʔlafāni |
naʔlafu |
taʔlafūna |
yaʔlafūna | |||
f | taʔlafīna |
taʔlafu |
taʔlafāni |
taʔlafna |
yaʔlafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔālafa |
taʔlafa |
yaʔlafa |
taʔlafā |
yaʔlafā |
naʔlafa |
taʔlafū |
yaʔlafū | |||
f | taʔlafī |
taʔlafa |
taʔlafā |
taʔlafna |
yaʔlafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔālaf |
taʔlaf |
yaʔlaf |
taʔlafā |
yaʔlafā |
naʔlaf |
taʔlafū |
yaʔlafū | |||
f | taʔlafī |
taʔlaf |
taʔlafā |
taʔlafna |
yaʔlafna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | īlaf |
īlafā |
īlafū |
||||||||
f | īlafī |
īlafna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʔuliftu |
ʔulifta |
أُلِفَ ʔulifa |
ʔuliftumā |
ʔulifā |
ʔulifnā |
ʔuliftum |
ʔulifū | |||
f | ʔulifti |
ʔulifat |
ʔulifatā |
ʔuliftunna |
ʔulifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔūlafu |
tuʔlafu |
yuʔlafu |
tuʔlafāni |
yuʔlafāni |
nuʔlafu |
tuʔlafūna |
yuʔlafūna | |||
f | tuʔlafīna |
tuʔlafu |
tuʔlafāni |
tuʔlafna |
yuʔlafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔūlafa |
tuʔlafa |
yuʔlafa |
tuʔlafā |
yuʔlafā |
nuʔlafa |
tuʔlafū |
yuʔlafū | |||
f | tuʔlafī |
tuʔlafa |
tuʔlafā |
tuʔlafna |
yuʔlafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔūlaf |
tuʔlaf |
yuʔlaf |
tuʔlafā |
yuʔlafā |
nuʔlaf |
tuʔlafū |
yuʔlafū | |||
f | tuʔlafī |
tuʔlaf |
tuʔlafā |
tuʔlafna |
yuʔlafna |
Noun
أَلْف • (ʔalf) m
- verbal noun of أَلِف (ʔalif) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun أَلْف (ʔalf)
Etymology 4
From Proto-Semitic *ʾallip- (“to tame, to domesticate; to familiarize, to instruct; to unite, to join”). From the root ء ل ف (ʔ-l-f).
Verb
أَلَّفَ • (ʔallafa) II, non-past يُؤَلِّفُ (yuʔallifu)
- to unite, join, combine, put together
- to unite with the rest of the subjugated animals of man, to make familiar, to accustom, to tame
- to compile, compose, be the author of (a book)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
أَلَّفَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʔlīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʔallif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʔallaf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʔallaftu |
ʔallafta |
أَلَّفَ ʔallafa |
ʔallaftumā |
ʔallafā |
ʔallafnā |
ʔallaftum |
ʔallafū | |||
f | ʔallafti |
ʔallafat |
ʔallafatā |
ʔallaftunna |
ʔallafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʔallifu |
tuʔallifu |
yuʔallifu |
tuʔallifāni |
yuʔallifāni |
nuʔallifu |
tuʔallifūna |
yuʔallifūna | |||
f | tuʔallifīna |
tuʔallifu |
tuʔallifāni |
tuʔallifna |
yuʔallifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʔallifa |
tuʔallifa |
yuʔallifa |
tuʔallifā |
yuʔallifā |
nuʔallifa |
tuʔallifū |
yuʔallifū | |||
f | tuʔallifī |
tuʔallifa |
tuʔallifā |
tuʔallifna |
yuʔallifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʔallif |
tuʔallif |
yuʔallif |
tuʔallifā |
yuʔallifā |
nuʔallif |
tuʔallifū |
yuʔallifū | |||
f | tuʔallifī |
tuʔallif |
tuʔallifā |
tuʔallifna |
yuʔallifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | أَلِّفْ ʔallif |
ʔallifā |
ʔallifū |
||||||||
f | ʔallifī |
ʔallifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʔulliftu |
ʔullifta |
أُلِّفَ ʔullifa |
ʔulliftumā |
ʔullifā |
ʔullifnā |
ʔulliftum |
ʔullifū | |||
f | ʔullifti |
ʔullifat |
ʔullifatā |
ʔulliftunna |
ʔullifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʔallafu |
tuʔallafu |
yuʔallafu |
tuʔallafāni |
yuʔallafāni |
nuʔallafu |
tuʔallafūna |
yuʔallafūna | |||
f | tuʔallafīna |
tuʔallafu |
tuʔallafāni |
tuʔallafna |
yuʔallafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʔallafa |
tuʔallafa |
yuʔallafa |
tuʔallafā |
yuʔallafā |
nuʔallafa |
tuʔallafū |
yuʔallafū | |||
f | tuʔallafī |
tuʔallafa |
tuʔallafā |
tuʔallafna |
yuʔallafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʔallaf |
tuʔallaf |
yuʔallaf |
tuʔallafā |
yuʔallafā |
nuʔallaf |
tuʔallafū |
yuʔallafū | |||
f | tuʔallafī |
tuʔallaf |
tuʔallafā |
tuʔallafna |
yuʔallafna |
Etymology 5
Verb
Verb
Verb
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of أَلْفَى (ʔalfā)
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