جبن

See also: ختن

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ج ب ن (j b n) related with ductile, coward and pusillanimous things. Compare Hebrew גְּבִינָה (g'viná, “cheese”) and Classical Syriac ܓܒܬܐ (gḇettā, “cheese, curd”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒubn/

Noun

جُبْن • (jubn) m (collective, singulative جُبْنَة f (jubna), plural أَجْبَان (ʔajbān))

1. cheese

Declension

Declension of noun جُبْن (jubn)

collective	basic collective triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُبْن jubn	الْجُبْن al-jubn	جُبْن jubn
nominative	جُبْنٌ jubnun	الْجُبْنُ al-jubnu	جُبْنُ jubnu
accusative	جُبْنًا jubnan	الْجُبْنَ al-jubna	جُبْنَ jubna
genitive	جُبْنٍ jubnin	الْجُبْنِ al-jubni	جُبْنِ jubni
singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُبْنَة jubna	الْجُبْنَة al-jubna	جُبْنَة jubnat
nominative	جُبْنَةٌ jubnatun	الْجُبْنَةُ al-jubnatu	جُبْنَةُ jubnatu
accusative	جُبْنَةً jubnatan	الْجُبْنَةَ al-jubnata	جُبْنَةَ jubnata
genitive	جُبْنَةٍ jubnatin	الْجُبْنَةِ al-jubnati	جُبْنَةِ jubnati
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُبْنَتَيْن jubnatayn	الْجُبْنَتَيْن al-jubnatayn	جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay
nominative	جُبْنَتَانِ jubnatāni	الْجُبْنَتَانِ al-jubnatāni	جُبْنَتَا jubnatā
accusative	جُبْنَتَيْنِ jubnatayni	الْجُبْنَتَيْنِ al-jubnatayni	جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay
genitive	جُبْنَتَيْنِ jubnatayni	الْجُبْنَتَيْنِ al-jubnatayni	جُبْنَتَيْ jubnatay
paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُبْنَات jubnāt	الْجُبْنَات al-jubnāt	جُبْنَات jubnāt
nominative	جُبْنَاتٌ jubnātun	الْجُبْنَاتُ al-jubnātu	جُبْنَاتُ jubnātu
accusative	جُبْنَاتٍ jubnātin	الْجُبْنَاتِ al-jubnāti	جُبْنَاتِ jubnāti
genitive	جُبْنَاتٍ jubnātin	الْجُبْنَاتِ al-jubnāti	جُبْنَاتِ jubnāti
plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَجْبَان ʔajbān	الْأَجْبَان al-ʔajbān	أَجْبَان ʔajbān
nominative	أَجْبَانٌ ʔajbānun	الْأَجْبَانُ al-ʔajbānu	أَجْبَانُ ʔajbānu
accusative	أَجْبَانًا ʔajbānan	الْأَجْبَانَ al-ʔajbāna	أَجْبَانَ ʔajbāna
genitive	أَجْبَانٍ ʔajbānin	الْأَجْبَانِ al-ʔajbāni	أَجْبَانِ ʔajbāni

Descendants

• Maltese: ġobon
• → Afar: gúbni
• → Swahili: jibini

Etymology 2.1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.bu.na/

Verb

جَبُنَ • (jabuna) I (non-past يَجْبُنُ (yajbunu), verbal noun جُبْن (jubn) or جَبَانَة (jabāna))

1. to be cowardly

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَبُنَ (I, sound, u ~ u, no passive (?), verbal nouns جُبْن, جَبَانَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جُبْن, جَبَانَة jubn, jabāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَبَان jabān
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَبُنْتُ jabuntu	جَبُنْتَ jabunta	جَبُنَ jabuna		جَبُنْتُمَا jabuntumā	جَبُنَا jabunā		جَبُنَّا jabunnā	جَبُنْتُمْ jabuntum	جَبُنُوا jabunū
	f		جَبُنْتِ jabunti	جَبُنَتْ jabunat			جَبُنَتَا jabunatā			جَبُنْتُنَّ jabuntunna	جَبُنَّ jabunna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْبُنُ ʔajbunu	تَجْبُنُ tajbunu	يَجْبُنُ yajbunu		تَجْبُنَانِ tajbunāni	يَجْبُنَانِ yajbunāni		نَجْبُنُ najbunu	تَجْبُنُونَ tajbunūna	يَجْبُنُونَ yajbunūna
	f		تَجْبُنِينَ tajbunīna	تَجْبُنُ tajbunu			تَجْبُنَانِ tajbunāni			تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna	يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْبُنَ ʔajbuna	تَجْبُنَ tajbuna	يَجْبُنَ yajbuna		تَجْبُنَا tajbunā	يَجْبُنَا yajbunā		نَجْبُنَ najbuna	تَجْبُنُوا tajbunū	يَجْبُنُوا yajbunū
	f		تَجْبُنِي tajbunī	تَجْبُنَ tajbuna			تَجْبُنَا tajbunā			تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna	يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْبُنْ ʔajbun	تَجْبُنْ tajbun	يَجْبُنْ yajbun		تَجْبُنَا tajbunā	يَجْبُنَا yajbunā		نَجْبُنْ najbun	تَجْبُنُوا tajbunū	يَجْبُنُوا yajbunū
	f		تَجْبُنِي tajbunī	تَجْبُنْ tajbun			تَجْبُنَا tajbunā			تَجْبُنَّ tajbunna	يَجْبُنَّ yajbunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْبُنْ ujbun			اُجْبُنَا ujbunā				اُجْبُنُوا ujbunū
	f		اُجْبُنِي ujbunī							اُجْبُنَّ ujbunna

Etymology 2.2

Noun

جُبْن • (jubn) m

1. verbal noun of جَبَنَ (jabana)
2. verbal noun of جَبُنَ (jabuna)
3. cowardice

Etymology 3

Noun

جُبُن • (jubun) m pl

1. plural of جَبِين (jabīn)

Etymology 4

Verb

جبن (form I)

1. جُبْنَ (jubna) /d͡ʒub.na/: inflection of جَابَ (jāba):
   1. third-person feminine plural past active
   2. second-person feminine plural imperative
2. جِبْنَ (jibna) /d͡ʒib.na/: third-person feminine plural past passive of جَابَ (jāba)

Etymology 5

Verb

جِبْنَ • (jibna) (form I) /d͡ʒib.na/

1. second-person feminine plural imperative of وَجَبَ (wajaba)

References

• Баранов, Х. К. (2011), “جبن”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
• Corriente, Federico (2005), “جبن”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe‎^[1] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Barcelona: Herder, page 146
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “جبن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 263

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɪbɪn/

Noun

جبن • (jibin) m (collective, singulative جبنة f (jibna), plural اجبان (ajbān))

1. cheese

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒbun/, /ʒban/

Noun

جبُن or جبَن • (jbun or jban) m (collective, singulative جُبنة f (jubna) or جبنة f (jabna), paucal جُبنات (jubnāt) or جَبنات (jabnāt), plural جبان (jbān))

1. cheese

   Synonym: فرماج (furmāj)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جُبْن (jubn, “cheese”).

Noun

جبن • (cübn)

1. cheese, a dairy product made from curdled milk

   Synonym: پنیر (penir)

Derived terms

• جبنی (cübni, “pertaining to cheese”)
• حامض جبن (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)

Descendants

• Turkish: cübn

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “cübn”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 839
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “جبن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 435
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Caseus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 157
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “جبن”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1579
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “جبن”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 644

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج ب ن
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic جُبْن (jubn).

Noun

جبن • (jibn) m (collective, singulative جبنة f (jibne), plural أجبان (ʔajbān))

1. (uncountable) cheese