حجل

Arabic

Etymology

The absence of farther cognates suggests a borrowing of the name for the bird from Classical Syriac ܚܰܓܠܴܐ (ḥaḡlā), ܚܰܓܠܬܴܐ (ḥaḡəlṯā, “partridge”), also appearing early, although by itself the term is unsuspicious and cognacy cannot be excluded. Although there is a potential semantic connection to the verb “to hop”, this would require a synonymous verb to exist in a common ancestor of Arabic and Syriac as the latter is, owing to its age, unlikely to be a borrowing from Arabic, so if the words are related, the verb would have to be denominal. In that case, the word for an anklet could also be denominal, naming a thing on the part of the body used to hop; however there is also a connection to ح ج ر (ḥ-j-r) and its Semitic matches related to detaining and Aramaic חֲגַל (ḥăḡal) / ܚܓܰܠ (ḥgal, “to draw a circle about, to gird”), possibly the source verb of the name of the partridge due to its going around or due to its bulbous body depending on the species, Ge'ez ሐገለ (ḥägälä, “to tie, to bind”), also Ge'ez ሐግል (ḥägl, “shackle, fetter”), and the surrounding meaning is again found for the root ḥ-g-l in Old South Arabian and Soqotri, which implies together with the consideration of workmanship lacking in the Najd that instead, the word for an anklet or shackle was borrowed into Arabic from a more southern Semitic language, from which the word for hopping was then derived, whereas the word for the partridge is to be seen as borrowed from Aramaic to account for its etymology.

Noun

حَجَل • (ḥajal) m (collective, singulative حَجَلَة f (ḥajala), plural حِجْلَان (ḥijlān) or حِجْلَى (ḥijlā))

1. partridge

Declension

Declension of noun حَجَل (ḥajal)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَجَل ḥajal	الْحَجَل al-ḥajal	حَجَل ḥajal
Nominative	حَجَلٌ ḥajalun	الْحَجَلُ al-ḥajalu	حَجَلُ ḥajalu
Accusative	حَجَلًا ḥajalan	الْحَجَلَ al-ḥajala	حَجَلَ ḥajala
Genitive	حَجَلٍ ḥajalin	الْحَجَلِ al-ḥajali	حَجَلِ ḥajali
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَجَلَة ḥajala	الْحَجَلَة al-ḥajala	حَجَلَة ḥajalat
Nominative	حَجَلَةٌ ḥajalatun	الْحَجَلَةُ al-ḥajalatu	حَجَلَةُ ḥajalatu
Accusative	حَجَلَةً ḥajalatan	الْحَجَلَةَ al-ḥajalata	حَجَلَةَ ḥajalata
Genitive	حَجَلَةٍ ḥajalatin	الْحَجَلَةِ al-ḥajalati	حَجَلَةِ ḥajalati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَجَلَتَيْن ḥajalatayn	الْحَجَلَتَيْن al-ḥajalatayn	حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay
Nominative	حَجَلَتَانِ ḥajalatāni	الْحَجَلَتَانِ al-ḥajalatāni	حَجَلَتَا ḥajalatā
Accusative	حَجَلَتَيْنِ ḥajalatayni	الْحَجَلَتَيْنِ al-ḥajalatayni	حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay
Genitive	حَجَلَتَيْنِ ḥajalatayni	الْحَجَلَتَيْنِ al-ḥajalatayni	حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَجَلَات ḥajalāt	الْحَجَلَات al-ḥajalāt	حَجَلَات ḥajalāt
Nominative	حَجَلَاتٌ ḥajalātun	الْحَجَلَاتُ al-ḥajalātu	حَجَلَاتُ ḥajalātu
Accusative	حَجَلَاتٍ ḥajalātin	الْحَجَلَاتِ al-ḥajalāti	حَجَلَاتِ ḥajalāti
Genitive	حَجَلَاتٍ ḥajalātin	الْحَجَلَاتِ al-ḥajalāti	حَجَلَاتِ ḥajalāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural invariable
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِجْلَان‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlān‎; ḥijlā	الْحِجْلَان‎; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlān‎; al-ḥijlā	حِجْلَان‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlān‎; ḥijlā
Nominative	حِجْلَانٌ‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlānun‎; ḥijlā	الْحِجْلَانُ‎; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlānu‎; al-ḥijlā	حِجْلَانُ‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlānu‎; ḥijlā
Accusative	حِجْلَانًا‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlānan‎; ḥijlā	الْحِجْلَانَ‎; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlāna‎; al-ḥijlā	حِجْلَانَ‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlāna‎; ḥijlā
Genitive	حِجْلَانٍ‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlānin‎; ḥijlā	الْحِجْلَانِ‎; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlāni‎; al-ḥijlā	حِجْلَانِ‎; حِجْلَى ḥijlāni‎; ḥijlā

Descendants

• Maltese: ħaġel
• → Tigre: ሓገል (ḥagäl)

Verb

حَجَلَ • (ḥajala) I (non-past يَحْجُلُ (yaḥjulu) or يَحْجِلُ (yaḥjilu), verbal noun حَجْل (ḥajl) or حَجَلَان (ḥajalān))

1. to hop, to take leaps, to walk as if with the legs shackled

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَجَلَ (I, sound, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive, verbal nouns حَجْل, حَجَلَان)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						حَجْل, حَجَلَان ḥajl, ḥajalān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَاجِل ḥājil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَحْجُول maḥjūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَجَلْتُ ḥajaltu	حَجَلْتَ ḥajalta	حَجَلَ ḥajala		حَجَلْتُمَا ḥajaltumā	حَجَلَا ḥajalā		حَجَلْنَا ḥajalnā	حَجَلْتُمْ ḥajaltum	حَجَلُوا ḥajalū
	f		حَجَلْتِ ḥajalti	حَجَلَتْ ḥajalat			حَجَلَتَا ḥajalatā			حَجَلْتُنَّ ḥajaltunna	حَجَلْنَ ḥajalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحْجُلُ, أَحْجِلُ ʔaḥjulu, ʔaḥjilu	تَحْجُلُ, تَحْجِلُ taḥjulu, taḥjilu	يَحْجُلُ, يَحْجِلُ yaḥjulu, yaḥjilu		تَحْجُلَانِ, تَحْجِلَانِ taḥjulāni, taḥjilāni	يَحْجُلَانِ, يَحْجِلَانِ yaḥjulāni, yaḥjilāni		نَحْجُلُ, نَحْجِلُ naḥjulu, naḥjilu	تَحْجُلُونَ, تَحْجِلُونَ taḥjulūna, taḥjilūna	يَحْجُلُونَ, يَحْجِلُونَ yaḥjulūna, yaḥjilūna
	f		تَحْجُلِينَ, تَحْجِلِينَ taḥjulīna, taḥjilīna	تَحْجُلُ, تَحْجِلُ taḥjulu, taḥjilu			تَحْجُلَانِ, تَحْجِلَانِ taḥjulāni, taḥjilāni			تَحْجُلْنَ, تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna, taḥjilna	يَحْجُلْنَ, يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna, yaḥjilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْجُلَ, أَحْجِلَ ʔaḥjula, ʔaḥjila	تَحْجُلَ, تَحْجِلَ taḥjula, taḥjila	يَحْجُلَ, يَحْجِلَ yaḥjula, yaḥjila		تَحْجُلَا, تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā, taḥjilā	يَحْجُلَا, يَحْجِلَا yaḥjulā, yaḥjilā		نَحْجُلَ, نَحْجِلَ naḥjula, naḥjila	تَحْجُلُوا, تَحْجِلُوا taḥjulū, taḥjilū	يَحْجُلُوا, يَحْجِلُوا yaḥjulū, yaḥjilū
	f		تَحْجُلِي, تَحْجِلِي taḥjulī, taḥjilī	تَحْجُلَ, تَحْجِلَ taḥjula, taḥjila			تَحْجُلَا, تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā, taḥjilā			تَحْجُلْنَ, تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna, taḥjilna	يَحْجُلْنَ, يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna, yaḥjilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْجُلْ, أَحْجِلْ ʔaḥjul, ʔaḥjil	تَحْجُلْ, تَحْجِلْ taḥjul, taḥjil	يَحْجُلْ, يَحْجِلْ yaḥjul, yaḥjil		تَحْجُلَا, تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā, taḥjilā	يَحْجُلَا, يَحْجِلَا yaḥjulā, yaḥjilā		نَحْجُلْ, نَحْجِلْ naḥjul, naḥjil	تَحْجُلُوا, تَحْجِلُوا taḥjulū, taḥjilū	يَحْجُلُوا, يَحْجِلُوا yaḥjulū, yaḥjilū
	f		تَحْجُلِي, تَحْجِلِي taḥjulī, taḥjilī	تَحْجُلْ, تَحْجِلْ taḥjul, taḥjil			تَحْجُلَا, تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā, taḥjilā			تَحْجُلْنَ, تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna, taḥjilna	يَحْجُلْنَ, يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna, yaḥjilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُحْجُلْ, اِحْجِلْ uḥjul, iḥjil			اُحْجُلَا, اِحْجِلَا uḥjulā, iḥjilā				اُحْجُلُوا, اِحْجِلُوا uḥjulū, iḥjilū
	f		اُحْجُلِي, اِحْجِلِي uḥjulī, iḥjilī							اُحْجُلْنَ, اِحْجِلْنَ uḥjulna, iḥjilna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	حُجِلَ ḥujila		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُحْجَلُ yuḥjalu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُحْجَلَ yuḥjala		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُحْجَلْ yuḥjal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Verb

حَجَّلَ • (ḥajjala) II (non-past يُحَجِّلُ (yuḥajjilu), verbal noun تَحْجِيل (taḥjīl))

1. to bedeck with anklets or shackles
2. to bring to the curtained canopy حَجَلَة (ḥajala)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of حَجَّلَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَحْجِيل)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَحْجِيل taḥjīl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُحَجِّل muḥajjil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُحَجَّل muḥajjal
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَجَّلْتُ ḥajjaltu	حَجَّلْتَ ḥajjalta	حَجَّلَ ḥajjala		حَجَّلْتُمَا ḥajjaltumā	حَجَّلَا ḥajjalā		حَجَّلْنَا ḥajjalnā	حَجَّلْتُمْ ḥajjaltum	حَجَّلُوا ḥajjalū
	f		حَجَّلْتِ ḥajjalti	حَجَّلَتْ ḥajjalat			حَجَّلَتَا ḥajjalatā			حَجَّلْتُنَّ ḥajjaltunna	حَجَّلْنَ ḥajjalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَجِّلُ ʔuḥajjilu	تُحَجِّلُ tuḥajjilu	يُحَجِّلُ yuḥajjilu		تُحَجِّلَانِ tuḥajjilāni	يُحَجِّلَانِ yuḥajjilāni		نُحَجِّلُ nuḥajjilu	تُحَجِّلُونَ tuḥajjilūna	يُحَجِّلُونَ yuḥajjilūna
	f		تُحَجِّلِينَ tuḥajjilīna	تُحَجِّلُ tuḥajjilu			تُحَجِّلَانِ tuḥajjilāni			تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna	يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَجِّلَ ʔuḥajjila	تُحَجِّلَ tuḥajjila	يُحَجِّلَ yuḥajjila		تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā	يُحَجِّلَا yuḥajjilā		نُحَجِّلَ nuḥajjila	تُحَجِّلُوا tuḥajjilū	يُحَجِّلُوا yuḥajjilū
	f		تُحَجِّلِي tuḥajjilī	تُحَجِّلَ tuḥajjila			تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā			تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna	يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَجِّلْ ʔuḥajjil	تُحَجِّلْ tuḥajjil	يُحَجِّلْ yuḥajjil		تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā	يُحَجِّلَا yuḥajjilā		نُحَجِّلْ nuḥajjil	تُحَجِّلُوا tuḥajjilū	يُحَجِّلُوا yuḥajjilū
	f		تُحَجِّلِي tuḥajjilī	تُحَجِّلْ tuḥajjil			تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā			تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna	يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حَجِّلْ ḥajjil			حَجِّلَا ḥajjilā				حَجِّلُوا ḥajjilū
	f		حَجِّلِي ḥajjilī							حَجِّلْنَ ḥajjilna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُجِّلْتُ ḥujjiltu	حُجِّلْتَ ḥujjilta	حُجِّلَ ḥujjila		حُجِّلْتُمَا ḥujjiltumā	حُجِّلَا ḥujjilā		حُجِّلْنَا ḥujjilnā	حُجِّلْتُمْ ḥujjiltum	حُجِّلُوا ḥujjilū
	f		حُجِّلْتِ ḥujjilti	حُجِّلَتْ ḥujjilat			حُجِّلَتَا ḥujjilatā			حُجِّلْتُنَّ ḥujjiltunna	حُجِّلْنَ ḥujjilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَجَّلُ ʔuḥajjalu	تُحَجَّلُ tuḥajjalu	يُحَجَّلُ yuḥajjalu		تُحَجَّلَانِ tuḥajjalāni	يُحَجَّلَانِ yuḥajjalāni		نُحَجَّلُ nuḥajjalu	تُحَجَّلُونَ tuḥajjalūna	يُحَجَّلُونَ yuḥajjalūna
	f		تُحَجَّلِينَ tuḥajjalīna	تُحَجَّلُ tuḥajjalu			تُحَجَّلَانِ tuḥajjalāni			تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna	يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَجَّلَ ʔuḥajjala	تُحَجَّلَ tuḥajjala	يُحَجَّلَ yuḥajjala		تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā	يُحَجَّلَا yuḥajjalā		نُحَجَّلَ nuḥajjala	تُحَجَّلُوا tuḥajjalū	يُحَجَّلُوا yuḥajjalū
	f		تُحَجَّلِي tuḥajjalī	تُحَجَّلَ tuḥajjala			تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā			تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna	يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَجَّلْ ʔuḥajjal	تُحَجَّلْ tuḥajjal	يُحَجَّلْ yuḥajjal		تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā	يُحَجَّلَا yuḥajjalā		نُحَجَّلْ nuḥajjal	تُحَجَّلُوا tuḥajjalū	يُحَجَّلُوا yuḥajjalū
	f		تُحَجَّلِي tuḥajjalī	تُحَجَّلْ tuḥajjal			تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā			تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna	يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna

Noun

حَجْل • (ḥajl) m

1. verbal noun of حَجَلَ (ḥajala) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun حَجْل (ḥajl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَجْل ḥajl	الْحَجْل al-ḥajl	حَجْل ḥajl
Nominative	حَجْلٌ ḥajlun	الْحَجْلُ al-ḥajlu	حَجْلُ ḥajlu
Accusative	حَجْلًا ḥajlan	الْحَجْلَ al-ḥajla	حَجْلَ ḥajla
Genitive	حَجْلٍ ḥajlin	الْحَجْلِ al-ḥajli	حَجْلِ ḥajli

Derived terms

• حَجْلَة (ḥajla, “one hop”)

Noun

حِجْل or حَجْل • (ḥijl or ḥajl) m (plural حُجُول (ḥujūl) or أَحْجَال (ʔaḥjāl))

1. an anklet as well as a shackle

Declension

Declension of noun حِجْل (ḥijl)‎; حَجْل (ḥajl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِجْل‎; حَجْل ḥijl‎; ḥajl	الْحِجْل‎; الْحَجْل al-ḥijl‎; al-ḥajl	حِجْل‎; حَجْل ḥijl‎; ḥajl
Nominative	حِجْلٌ‎; حَجْلٌ ḥijlun‎; ḥajlun	الْحِجْلُ‎; الْحَجْلُ al-ḥijlu‎; al-ḥajlu	حِجْلُ‎; حَجْلُ ḥijlu‎; ḥajlu
Accusative	حِجْلًا‎; حَجْلًا ḥijlan‎; ḥajlan	الْحِجْلَ‎; الْحَجْلَ al-ḥijla‎; al-ḥajla	حِجْلَ‎; حَجْلَ ḥijla‎; ḥajla
Genitive	حِجْلٍ‎; حَجْلٍ ḥijlin‎; ḥajlin	الْحِجْلِ‎; الْحَجْلِ al-ḥijli‎; al-ḥajli	حِجْلِ‎; حَجْلِ ḥijli‎; ḥajli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِجْلَيْن‎; حَجْلَيْن ḥijlayn‎; ḥajlayn	الْحِجْلَيْن‎; الْحَجْلَيْن al-ḥijlayn‎; al-ḥajlayn	حِجْلَيْ‎; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay‎; ḥajlay
Nominative	حِجْلَانِ‎; حَجْلَانِ ḥijlāni‎; ḥajlāni	الْحِجْلَانِ‎; الْحَجْلَانِ al-ḥijlāni‎; al-ḥajlāni	حِجْلَا‎; حَجْلَا ḥijlā‎; ḥajlā
Accusative	حِجْلَيْنِ‎; حَجْلَيْنِ ḥijlayni‎; ḥajlayni	الْحِجْلَيْنِ‎; الْحَجْلَيْنِ al-ḥijlayni‎; al-ḥajlayni	حِجْلَيْ‎; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay‎; ḥajlay
Genitive	حِجْلَيْنِ‎; حَجْلَيْنِ ḥijlayni‎; ḥajlayni	الْحِجْلَيْنِ‎; الْحَجْلَيْنِ al-ḥijlayni‎; al-ḥajlayni	حِجْلَيْ‎; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay‎; ḥajlay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُجُول‎; أَحْجَال ḥujūl‎; ʔaḥjāl	الْحُجُول‎; الْأَحْجَال al-ḥujūl‎; al-ʔaḥjāl	حُجُول‎; أَحْجَال ḥujūl‎; ʔaḥjāl
Nominative	حُجُولٌ‎; أَحْجَالٌ ḥujūlun‎; ʔaḥjālun	الْحُجُولُ‎; الْأَحْجَالُ al-ḥujūlu‎; al-ʔaḥjālu	حُجُولُ‎; أَحْجَالُ ḥujūlu‎; ʔaḥjālu
Accusative	حُجُولًا‎; أَحْجَالًا ḥujūlan‎; ʔaḥjālan	الْحُجُولَ‎; الْأَحْجَالَ al-ḥujūla‎; al-ʔaḥjāla	حُجُولَ‎; أَحْجَالَ ḥujūla‎; ʔaḥjāla
Genitive	حُجُولٍ‎; أَحْجَالٍ ḥujūlin‎; ʔaḥjālin	الْحُجُولِ‎; الْأَحْجَالِ al-ḥujūli‎; al-ʔaḥjāli	حُجُولِ‎; أَحْجَالِ ḥujūli‎; ʔaḥjāli

Derived terms

• حَجَلَة (ḥajala, “curtained canopy of a mistress”)

Descendants

• →? Mehri: hâǧil (“anklet”)
• →? Shehri: ḥagəl (“anklet”)
• →? Soqotri: ḥágal (“anklet”)
• → Tigre: ሐግል (ḥägl, “anklet”)

References

• “حجل” in Almaany
• “ḥgl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 317
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حجل”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 254a
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56, considering the anklet-word native
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حجل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 347b–348b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حجل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 83–84
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “حجل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 520–521
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ሐገለ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 228
• Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 162
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) “No. 97 *ḥagal”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 136–137
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حجل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 265
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “حجل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 186b
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حجل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 231–232