حمار

See also: خمار

Arabic

Root
ح م ر (ḥ m r)
14 terms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḥimār-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħi.maːr/
• Rhymes: -aːr
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ħu.maːr/, [ħʊ.maːr]

Noun

حِمَار • (ḥimār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr) or حُمُر (ḥumur) or أَحْمِرَة (ʔaḥmira), feminine أَتَان (ʔatān) or حِمَارَة (ḥimāra))

2. ass, donkey

   في بعض المناطق الريفية، يُعتبر الحمار وسيلة نقل هامة.

   Fī baʿḍi al-manāṭiq ar-rīfiyyah, yuʿtabaru al-ḥimār wasīlat naql hāmmah.

   In some rural areas, the donkey is considered an important means of transportation.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 62:5:

     مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ حُمِّلُواْ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَحۡمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ ٱلۡحِمَارِ يَحۡمِلُ أَسۡفَارَۢاۚ بِئۡسَ مَثَلُ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

     The likeness of those who are entrusted with the Law of Moses, yet apply it not, is as the likeness of the ass carrying books. Wretched is the likeness of folk who deny the revelations of Allah. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.

Declension

Declension of noun حِمَار (ḥimār)

singular	masculine			feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حِمَار ḥimār	الْحِمَار al-ḥimār	حِمَار ḥimār	حِمَارَة ḥimāra	الْحِمَارَة al-ḥimāra	حِمَارَة ḥimārat
nominative	حِمَارٌ ḥimārun	الْحِمَارُ al-ḥimāru	حِمَارُ ḥimāru	حِمَارَةٌ ḥimāratun	الْحِمَارَةُ al-ḥimāratu	حِمَارَةُ ḥimāratu
accusative	حِمَارًا ḥimāran	الْحِمَارَ al-ḥimāra	حِمَارَ ḥimāra	حِمَارَةً ḥimāratan	الْحِمَارَةَ al-ḥimārata	حِمَارَةَ ḥimārata
genitive	حِمَارٍ ḥimārin	الْحِمَارِ al-ḥimāri	حِمَارِ ḥimāri	حِمَارَةٍ ḥimāratin	الْحِمَارَةِ al-ḥimārati	حِمَارَةِ ḥimārati
dual	masculine			feminine
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حِمَارَيْن ḥimārayn	الْحِمَارَيْن al-ḥimārayn	حِمَارَيْ ḥimāray	حِمَارَتَيْن ḥimāratayn	الْحِمَارَتَيْن al-ḥimāratayn	حِمَارَتَيْ ḥimāratay
nominative	حِمَارَانِ ḥimārāni	الْحِمَارَانِ al-ḥimārāni	حِمَارَا ḥimārā	حِمَارَتَانِ ḥimāratāni	الْحِمَارَتَانِ al-ḥimāratāni	حِمَارَتَا ḥimāratā
accusative	حِمَارَيْنِ ḥimārayni	الْحِمَارَيْنِ al-ḥimārayni	حِمَارَيْ ḥimāray	حِمَارَتَيْنِ ḥimāratayni	الْحِمَارَتَيْنِ al-ḥimāratayni	حِمَارَتَيْ ḥimāratay
genitive	حِمَارَيْنِ ḥimārayni	الْحِمَارَيْنِ al-ḥimārayni	حِمَارَيْ ḥimāray	حِمَارَتَيْنِ ḥimāratayni	الْحِمَارَتَيْنِ al-ḥimāratayni	حِمَارَتَيْ ḥimāratay
plural	masculine			feminine
	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)			sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَمِير‎; حُمُر‎; أَحْمِرَة ḥamīr‎; ḥumur‎; ʔaḥmira	الْحَمِير‎; الْحُمُر‎; الْأَحْمِرَة al-ḥamīr‎; al-ḥumur‎; al-ʔaḥmira	حَمِير‎; حُمُر‎; أَحْمِرَة ḥamīr‎; ḥumur‎; ʔaḥmirat	حِمَارَات‎; حَمَائِر ḥimārāt‎; ḥamāʔir	الْحِمَارَات‎; الْحَمَائِر al-ḥimārāt‎; al-ḥamāʔir	حِمَارَات‎; حَمَائِر ḥimārāt‎; ḥamāʔir
nominative	حَمِيرٌ‎; حُمُرٌ‎; أَحْمِرَةٌ ḥamīrun‎; ḥumurun‎; ʔaḥmiratun	الْحَمِيرُ‎; الْحُمُرُ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةُ al-ḥamīru‎; al-ḥumuru‎; al-ʔaḥmiratu	حَمِيرُ‎; حُمُرُ‎; أَحْمِرَةُ ḥamīru‎; ḥumuru‎; ʔaḥmiratu	حِمَارَاتٌ‎; حَمَائِرُ ḥimārātun‎; ḥamāʔiru	الْحِمَارَاتُ‎; الْحَمَائِرُ al-ḥimārātu‎; al-ḥamāʔiru	حِمَارَاتُ‎; حَمَائِرُ ḥimārātu‎; ḥamāʔiru
accusative	حَمِيرًا‎; حُمُرًا‎; أَحْمِرَةً ḥamīran‎; ḥumuran‎; ʔaḥmiratan	الْحَمِيرَ‎; الْحُمُرَ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةَ al-ḥamīra‎; al-ḥumura‎; al-ʔaḥmirata	حَمِيرَ‎; حُمُرَ‎; أَحْمِرَةَ ḥamīra‎; ḥumura‎; ʔaḥmirata	حِمَارَاتٍ‎; حَمَائِرَ ḥimārātin‎; ḥamāʔira	الْحِمَارَاتِ‎; الْحَمَائِرَ al-ḥimārāti‎; al-ḥamāʔira	حِمَارَاتِ‎; حَمَائِرَ ḥimārāti‎; ḥamāʔira
genitive	حَمِيرٍ‎; حُمُرٍ‎; أَحْمِرَةٍ ḥamīrin‎; ḥumurin‎; ʔaḥmiratin	الْحَمِيرِ‎; الْحُمُرِ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةِ al-ḥamīri‎; al-ḥumuri‎; al-ʔaḥmirati	حَمِيرِ‎; حُمُرِ‎; أَحْمِرَةِ ḥamīri‎; ḥumuri‎; ʔaḥmirati	حِمَارَاتٍ‎; حَمَائِرَ ḥimārātin‎; ḥamāʔira	الْحِمَارَاتِ‎; الْحَمَائِرِ al-ḥimārāti‎; al-ḥamāʔiri	حِمَارَاتِ‎; حَمَائِرِ ḥimārāti‎; ḥamāʔiri

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: حمار (ḥumār, ḥmār)
• Gulf Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
• Hijazi Arabic: حُمار (ḥumār)
• Maltese: ħmar
• Moroccan Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
• North Levantine Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
• → Classical Persian: حِمَار (himār)
  • Dari: حِمَار (himār)
  • Iranian Persian: حِمار (hemâr)
  • Tajik: ҳимор (himor)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: हिमार (himār)

    Urdu: حِمار (himār)

• → Malay: himar
• → Ottoman Turkish: حمار (hımar)

Further reading

• حمار on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar

Etymology 2

Occupational noun from the root of حِمَار (ḥimār, “donkey”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħam.maːr/

Noun

حَمَّار • (ḥammār) m (plural حَمَّارُون (ḥammārūn) or حَمَّارَة (ḥammāra), feminine حَمَّارَة (ḥammāra))

1. donkey-driver

Declension

Declension of noun حَمَّار (ḥammār)

singular	masculine			feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَمَّار ḥammār	الْحَمَّار al-ḥammār	حَمَّار ḥammār	حَمَّارَة ḥammāra	الْحَمَّارَة al-ḥammāra	حَمَّارَة ḥammārat
nominative	حَمَّارٌ ḥammārun	الْحَمَّارُ al-ḥammāru	حَمَّارُ ḥammāru	حَمَّارَةٌ ḥammāratun	الْحَمَّارَةُ al-ḥammāratu	حَمَّارَةُ ḥammāratu
accusative	حَمَّارًا ḥammāran	الْحَمَّارَ al-ḥammāra	حَمَّارَ ḥammāra	حَمَّارَةً ḥammāratan	الْحَمَّارَةَ al-ḥammārata	حَمَّارَةَ ḥammārata
genitive	حَمَّارٍ ḥammārin	الْحَمَّارِ al-ḥammāri	حَمَّارِ ḥammāri	حَمَّارَةٍ ḥammāratin	الْحَمَّارَةِ al-ḥammārati	حَمَّارَةِ ḥammārati
dual	masculine			feminine
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَمَّارَيْن ḥammārayn	الْحَمَّارَيْن al-ḥammārayn	حَمَّارَيْ ḥammāray	حَمَّارَتَيْن ḥammāratayn	الْحَمَّارَتَيْن al-ḥammāratayn	حَمَّارَتَيْ ḥammāratay
nominative	حَمَّارَانِ ḥammārāni	الْحَمَّارَانِ al-ḥammārāni	حَمَّارَا ḥammārā	حَمَّارَتَانِ ḥammāratāni	الْحَمَّارَتَانِ al-ḥammāratāni	حَمَّارَتَا ḥammāratā
accusative	حَمَّارَيْنِ ḥammārayni	الْحَمَّارَيْنِ al-ḥammārayni	حَمَّارَيْ ḥammāray	حَمَّارَتَيْنِ ḥammāratayni	الْحَمَّارَتَيْنِ al-ḥammāratayni	حَمَّارَتَيْ ḥammāratay
genitive	حَمَّارَيْنِ ḥammārayni	الْحَمَّارَيْنِ al-ḥammārayni	حَمَّارَيْ ḥammāray	حَمَّارَتَيْنِ ḥammāratayni	الْحَمَّارَتَيْنِ al-ḥammāratayni	حَمَّارَتَيْ ḥammāratay
plural	masculine			feminine
	sound masculine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)			sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	حَمَّارِين‎; حَمَّارة ḥammārīn‎; ḥammāra	الْحَمَّارِين‎; الْحَمَّارة al-ḥammārīn‎; al-ḥammāra	حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارة ḥammārī‎; ḥammārat	حَمَّارَات ḥammārāt	الْحَمَّارَات al-ḥammārāt	حَمَّارَات ḥammārāt
nominative	حَمَّارُونَ‎; حَمَّارةٌ ḥammārūna‎; ḥammāratun	الْحَمَّارُونَ‎; الْحَمَّارةُ al-ḥammārūna‎; al-ḥammāratu	حَمَّارُو‎; حَمَّارةُ ḥammārū‎; ḥammāratu	حَمَّارَاتٌ ḥammārātun	الْحَمَّارَاتُ al-ḥammārātu	حَمَّارَاتُ ḥammārātu
accusative	حَمَّارِينَ‎; حَمَّارةً ḥammārīna‎; ḥammāratan	الْحَمَّارِينَ‎; الْحَمَّارةَ al-ḥammārīna‎; al-ḥammārata	حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارةَ ḥammārī‎; ḥammārata	حَمَّارَاتٍ ḥammārātin	الْحَمَّارَاتِ al-ḥammārāti	حَمَّارَاتِ ḥammārāti
genitive	حَمَّارِينَ‎; حَمَّارةٍ ḥammārīna‎; ḥammāratin	الْحَمَّارِينَ‎; الْحَمَّارةِ al-ḥammārīna‎; al-ḥammārati	حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارةِ ḥammārī‎; ḥammārati	حَمَّارَاتٍ ḥammārātin	الْحَمَّارَاتِ al-ḥammārāti	حَمَّارَاتِ ḥammārāti

Descendants

• → Classical Persian: حَمَّار (hammār)
  • Dari: حَمَّار (hammār)
  • Iranian Persian: حَمَّار (hammâr)
  • Tajik: ҳаммор (hammor)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “حمر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħʊˈmɑːr(ˤ)], (after a vowel) [ħmɑːr(ˤ)]

Noun

حمار • (ḥumār) m (plural حمير (ḥimīr), feminine حمارة (ḥumāra))

1. donkey
2. idiot
3. brutish person

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ح م ر
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħu.maːr/, [ħʊ.maːr]

Noun

حمار • (ḥumār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), feminine حُمَارَة (ḥumāra))

1. donkey
2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass, jackass

Adjective

حمار • (ḥumār) (feminine حمَارَة (ḥumāra), common plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), elative أَحمَر (ʔaḥmar))

1. (of a person) foolish, stupid, idiotic

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħa.maːr/

Noun

حمار • (ḥamār) m

1. (uncountable) redness, red

Malay

Noun

حمار (plural حمار-حمار or حمار٢)

1. Jawi spelling of himar.‎

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ح م ر
4 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħmaːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حمير (ḥmīr), feminine حمارة (ḥmāra))

2. donkey, ass
3. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass

Etymology 2

Verb

حمار • (ḥmār) IX (non-past يحمار (yiḥmār))

1. to become red
2. to blush
3. to become sunburnt

Conjugation

Conjugation of حمار

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حماريت (ḥmārīt)	حماريتي (ḥmārīti)	حمار (ḥmār)		حمارينا (ḥmārīna)	حماريتوا (ḥmārītu)	حماروا (ḥmāru)
	f			حمارت (ḥmāret)
non-past	m	نحمار (niḥmār)	تحمار (tiḥmār)	يحمار (yiḥmār)		نحماروا (niḥmāru)	تحماروا (tiḥmāru)	يحماروا (yiḥmāru)
	f		تحماري (tiḥmāri)	تحمار (tiḥmār)
imperative	m		حمار (ḥmār)				حماروا (ḥmāru)
	f		حماري (ḥmāri)

Conjugation of حمار

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	حمرت (ḥmart)	حمرتي (ḥmarti)	حمار (ḥmār)		حمرنا (ḥmarna)	حمرتوا (ḥmartu)	حماروا (ḥmāru)
	f			حمارت (ḥmāret)
non-past	m	نحمار (niḥmār)	تحمار (tiḥmār)	يحمار (yiḥmār)		نحماروا (niḥmāru)	تحماروا (tiḥmāru)	يحماروا (yiḥmāru)
	f		تحماري (tiḥmāri)	تحمار (tiḥmār)
imperative	m		حمار (ḥmār)				حماروا (ḥmāru)
	f		حماري (ḥmāri)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra))

1. donkey
2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass, jackass

Adjective

حمار • (ḥmār) (feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra), masculine plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), elative أَحمَر (ʾaḥmar))

1. (of a person) foolish, stupid, idiotic

Etymology 2

From the root of أحمر (ʔaḥmar, “red”). This word template likely spread from Arabic بَيَاض (bayāḍ, “whiteness”) and صَفَار (ṣafār, “yellowness”) to other colors by analogy.

Noun

حمار • (ḥamār) m

1. redness

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /hi.ˈmaːr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.mɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.mɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.mɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.mɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [he.mɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hi.mɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	himār
Dari reading?	himār
Iranian reading?	hemâr
Tajik reading?	himor

Noun

حمار • (himār / hemâr) (Tajik spelling ҳимор)

1. donkey, ass

   Synonym: خر (xar)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: हिमार (himār)

  Urdu: حِمار (himār)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic حَمَّار (ḥammār).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ham.ˈmaːr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.mɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.mɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäm.mɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäm.mɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæm.mɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häm.mɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	hammār
Dari reading?	hammār
Iranian reading?	hammâr
Tajik reading?	hammor

Noun

حمار • (hammār / hammâr) (Tajik spelling ҳаммор)

1. donkey-driver, ass-driver

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “حمار”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “حمار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “حمار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħmaːr/, [ħmɑːrˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حمير (ḥamīr), feminine حمَارة (ḥmāra))

1. donkey, ass
2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass, jackass

Derived terms

• فتحناله، دخل بحماره (fataḥnā-lo, daḵal bi-ḥmāro, “give them an inch and they'll take a mile”)

Descendants

• → Hebrew: חְמָאר

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حِمَار (himār), from Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦɪ.mɑːɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

Noun

حِمار • (himār) m (Hindi spelling हिमार)

1. male donkey, ass

References

• “حمار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “حمار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.