خاتم

Arabic

Alternative forms

• خَاتَام (ḵātām), خَيْتَام (ḵaytām), خَاتِيَام (ḵātiyām)

Etymology

Of uncertain chain of etymology; once thought be a borrowing from Aramaic, but deemed unlikely as had the word been borrowed from Hebrew חוֹתָם (ḥôtām) or Aramaic חוֹתָמָא / ܚܵܘܬܵܡܵܐ (ḥātāmā, “seal”), it would probably have started with a /ḥ/, unless the Arabic has been borrowed from it in the incipient 1st millenium BC or earlier when Aramaic still distinguished the sounds; the initial /ḫ/ in Arabic word suggests therefore that it is derived from the same source as the latter. Ultimately suspected to be from or related to Egyptian ḫtm (“seal”), however not being attested in Akkadian or Ugaritic. The root خ ت م (ḵ-t-m) “related to finishing, sealing” would then be derived from this borrowing; the like in every Semitic language.

Alternatively, there is a hypothetical reconstruction as Proto-Afroasiatic *qatam- (“ring, signet”), being the source of both the Proto-Semitic *ḫatm- and Egyptian ḫtm, as well as Miya katam (“ring”) potentially a separate West Chadic development. Compare also طَابَع (ṭābaʕ, “seal, stamp”), representing an Akkadian equivalent and for more on the foreign pattern فَاعَل (fāʕal) see عَالَم (ʕālam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xaː.tam/

• Audio:

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Noun

خَاتَم • (ḵātam) m (plural خَوَاتِم (ḵawātim))

1. signet, seal ring
2. ring

Declension

Declension of noun خَاتَم (ḵātam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَاتَم ḵātam	الْخَاتَم al-ḵātam	خَاتَم ḵātam
Nominative	خَاتَمٌ ḵātamun	الْخَاتَمُ al-ḵātamu	خَاتَمُ ḵātamu
Accusative	خَاتَمًا ḵātaman	الْخَاتَمَ al-ḵātama	خَاتَمَ ḵātama
Genitive	خَاتَمٍ ḵātamin	الْخَاتَمِ al-ḵātami	خَاتَمِ ḵātami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَاتَمَيْن ḵātamayn	الْخَاتَمَيْن al-ḵātamayn	خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay
Nominative	خَاتَمَانِ ḵātamāni	الْخَاتَمَانِ al-ḵātamāni	خَاتَمَا ḵātamā
Accusative	خَاتَمَيْنِ ḵātamayni	الْخَاتَمَيْنِ al-ḵātamayni	خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay
Genitive	خَاتَمَيْنِ ḵātamayni	الْخَاتَمَيْنِ al-ḵātamayni	خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوَاتِم ḵawātim	الْخَوَاتِم al-ḵawātim	خَوَاتِم ḵawātim
Nominative	خَوَاتِمُ ḵawātimu	الْخَوَاتِمُ al-ḵawātimu	خَوَاتِمُ ḵawātimu
Accusative	خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima	الْخَوَاتِمَ al-ḵawātima	خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima
Genitive	خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima	الْخَوَاتِمِ al-ḵawātimi	خَوَاتِمِ ḵawātimi

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 252
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[1] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 17
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 120–121
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 267–268
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎^[2] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 112

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Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَاتَم (ḵātam).

Noun

خاتم • (xātam)

1. a drawing
2. ornamented decoration, patterned or inlaid motifs
3. a male given name, equivalent to English Khatam
4. (archaic) a seal, a signet
5. (archaic) a ring
6. (archaic) a command, an edict

Synonyms

• (ornamented decoration): نقش (naqš)
• (seal): مهر (mohr)
• (ring): انگشتر (angoštar)
• (edict): فرمان (farmân)

Derived terms

• خاتم کردن (xātam kardan, “to inlay”)
• حرف خاتم (harf-e-xātam, “ornated caligraphy”)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خاتم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press