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خندق

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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An Iranian borrowing: compare Persian کندک (kandak), کنده (kanda), Old Armenian քանդակ (kʻandak) (also from Iranian).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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خَنْدَقَ (ḵandaqa) Iq (non-past يُخَنْدِقُ (yuḵandiqu), verbal noun خَنْدَقَة (ḵandaqa))

  1. to dig a trench, to make a trench
  2. to dig a moat, to make a moat
Conjugation
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Conjugation of خَنْدَقَ (Iq, sound, full passive, verbal noun خَنْدَقَة)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
خَنْدَقَة
ḵandaqa
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
مُخَنْدِق
muḵandiq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مُخَنْدَق
muḵandaq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m خَنْدَقْتُ
ḵandaqtu
خَنْدَقْتَ
ḵandaqta
خَنْدَقَ
ḵandaqa
خَنْدَقْتُمَا
ḵandaqtumā
خَنْدَقَا
ḵandaqā
خَنْدَقْنَا
ḵandaqnā
خَنْدَقْتُمْ
ḵandaqtum
خَنْدَقُوا
ḵandaqū
f خَنْدَقْتِ
ḵandaqti
خَنْدَقَتْ
ḵandaqat
خَنْدَقَتَا
ḵandaqatā
خَنْدَقْتُنَّ
ḵandaqtunna
خَنْدَقْنَ
ḵandaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُخَنْدِقُ
ʔuḵandiqu
تُخَنْدِقُ
tuḵandiqu
يُخَنْدِقُ
yuḵandiqu
تُخَنْدِقَانِ
tuḵandiqāni
يُخَنْدِقَانِ
yuḵandiqāni
نُخَنْدِقُ
nuḵandiqu
تُخَنْدِقُونَ
tuḵandiqūna
يُخَنْدِقُونَ
yuḵandiqūna
f تُخَنْدِقِينَ
tuḵandiqīna
تُخَنْدِقُ
tuḵandiqu
تُخَنْدِقَانِ
tuḵandiqāni
تُخَنْدِقْنَ
tuḵandiqna
يُخَنْدِقْنَ
yuḵandiqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُخَنْدِقَ
ʔuḵandiqa
تُخَنْدِقَ
tuḵandiqa
يُخَنْدِقَ
yuḵandiqa
تُخَنْدِقَا
tuḵandiqā
يُخَنْدِقَا
yuḵandiqā
نُخَنْدِقَ
nuḵandiqa
تُخَنْدِقُوا
tuḵandiqū
يُخَنْدِقُوا
yuḵandiqū
f تُخَنْدِقِي
tuḵandiqī
تُخَنْدِقَ
tuḵandiqa
تُخَنْدِقَا
tuḵandiqā
تُخَنْدِقْنَ
tuḵandiqna
يُخَنْدِقْنَ
yuḵandiqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُخَنْدِقْ
ʔuḵandiq
تُخَنْدِقْ
tuḵandiq
يُخَنْدِقْ
yuḵandiq
تُخَنْدِقَا
tuḵandiqā
يُخَنْدِقَا
yuḵandiqā
نُخَنْدِقْ
nuḵandiq
تُخَنْدِقُوا
tuḵandiqū
يُخَنْدِقُوا
yuḵandiqū
f تُخَنْدِقِي
tuḵandiqī
تُخَنْدِقْ
tuḵandiq
تُخَنْدِقَا
tuḵandiqā
تُخَنْدِقْنَ
tuḵandiqna
يُخَنْدِقْنَ
yuḵandiqna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m خَنْدِقْ
ḵandiq
خَنْدِقَا
ḵandiqā
خَنْدِقُوا
ḵandiqū
f خَنْدِقِي
ḵandiqī
خَنْدِقْنَ
ḵandiqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m خُنْدِقْتُ
ḵundiqtu
خُنْدِقْتَ
ḵundiqta
خُنْدِقَ
ḵundiqa
خُنْدِقْتُمَا
ḵundiqtumā
خُنْدِقَا
ḵundiqā
خُنْدِقْنَا
ḵundiqnā
خُنْدِقْتُمْ
ḵundiqtum
خُنْدِقُوا
ḵundiqū
f خُنْدِقْتِ
ḵundiqti
خُنْدِقَتْ
ḵundiqat
خُنْدِقَتَا
ḵundiqatā
خُنْدِقْتُنَّ
ḵundiqtunna
خُنْدِقْنَ
ḵundiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُخَنْدَقُ
ʔuḵandaqu
تُخَنْدَقُ
tuḵandaqu
يُخَنْدَقُ
yuḵandaqu
تُخَنْدَقَانِ
tuḵandaqāni
يُخَنْدَقَانِ
yuḵandaqāni
نُخَنْدَقُ
nuḵandaqu
تُخَنْدَقُونَ
tuḵandaqūna
يُخَنْدَقُونَ
yuḵandaqūna
f تُخَنْدَقِينَ
tuḵandaqīna
تُخَنْدَقُ
tuḵandaqu
تُخَنْدَقَانِ
tuḵandaqāni
تُخَنْدَقْنَ
tuḵandaqna
يُخَنْدَقْنَ
yuḵandaqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُخَنْدَقَ
ʔuḵandaqa
تُخَنْدَقَ
tuḵandaqa
يُخَنْدَقَ
yuḵandaqa
تُخَنْدَقَا
tuḵandaqā
يُخَنْدَقَا
yuḵandaqā
نُخَنْدَقَ
nuḵandaqa
تُخَنْدَقُوا
tuḵandaqū
يُخَنْدَقُوا
yuḵandaqū
f تُخَنْدَقِي
tuḵandaqī
تُخَنْدَقَ
tuḵandaqa
تُخَنْدَقَا
tuḵandaqā
تُخَنْدَقْنَ
tuḵandaqna
يُخَنْدَقْنَ
yuḵandaqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُخَنْدَقْ
ʔuḵandaq
تُخَنْدَقْ
tuḵandaq
يُخَنْدَقْ
yuḵandaq
تُخَنْدَقَا
tuḵandaqā
يُخَنْدَقَا
yuḵandaqā
نُخَنْدَقْ
nuḵandaq
تُخَنْدَقُوا
tuḵandaqū
يُخَنْدَقُوا
yuḵandaqū
f تُخَنْدَقِي
tuḵandaqī
تُخَنْدَقْ
tuḵandaq
تُخَنْدَقَا
tuḵandaqā
تُخَنْدَقْنَ
tuḵandaqna
يُخَنْدَقْنَ
yuḵandaqna

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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خَنْدَق (ḵandaqm (plural خَنَادِق (ḵanādiq))

  1. trench
  2. moat
Declension
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Declension of noun خَنْدَق (ḵandaq)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal خَنْدَق
ḵandaq
الْخَنْدَق
al-ḵandaq
خَنْدَق
ḵandaq
nominative خَنْدَقٌ
ḵandaqun
الْخَنْدَقُ
al-ḵandaqu
خَنْدَقُ
ḵandaqu
accusative خَنْدَقًا
ḵandaqan
الْخَنْدَقَ
al-ḵandaqa
خَنْدَقَ
ḵandaqa
genitive خَنْدَقٍ
ḵandaqin
الْخَنْدَقِ
al-ḵandaqi
خَنْدَقِ
ḵandaqi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal خَنْدَقَيْن
ḵandaqayn
الْخَنْدَقَيْن
al-ḵandaqayn
خَنْدَقَيْ
ḵandaqay
nominative خَنْدَقَانِ
ḵandaqāni
الْخَنْدَقَانِ
al-ḵandaqāni
خَنْدَقَا
ḵandaqā
accusative خَنْدَقَيْنِ
ḵandaqayni
الْخَنْدَقَيْنِ
al-ḵandaqayni
خَنْدَقَيْ
ḵandaqay
genitive خَنْدَقَيْنِ
ḵandaqayni
الْخَنْدَقَيْنِ
al-ḵandaqayni
خَنْدَقَيْ
ḵandaqay
plural basic broken plural diptote
indefinite definite construct
informal خَنَادِق
ḵanādiq
الْخَنَادِق
al-ḵanādiq
خَنَادِق
ḵanādiq
nominative خَنَادِقُ
ḵanādiqu
الْخَنَادِقُ
al-ḵanādiqu
خَنَادِقُ
ḵanādiqu
accusative خَنَادِقَ
ḵanādiqa
الْخَنَادِقَ
al-ḵanādiqa
خَنَادِقَ
ḵanādiqa
genitive خَنَادِقَ
ḵanādiqa
الْخَنَادِقِ
al-ḵanādiqi
خَنَادِقِ
ḵanādiqi
Descendants
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Further reading

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  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խանդակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 330b

Ottoman Turkish

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خندق

Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian خندق (xandaq), itself from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq, trench, moat), ultimately from Middle Persian *handag.

Noun

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خندق (hendek) (definite accusative خندقی (hendeki), plural خنادق (henadik))

  1. (military) trench, a narrow excavation as used in warfare
    Synonym: سپر (siper)
  2. moat, fosse, a deep and defensive ditch normally filled with water
    Synonym: صو خندقی (su hendeki)
  3. ditch, trench, gutter, dyke, any long, shallow indentation dug to conduct water
    Synonym: آرق (ark) (irrigation ditch)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Hendek district in Sakarya province

Proper noun

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خندق (hendek)

  1. Hendek (a town and districtp, a Sakarya in Turkey)

Descendants

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Further reading

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Persian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic خَنْدَق (ḵandaq), from Middle Persian *handag (whence Persian هندک (handak, moat)).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xandaq
Dari reading? xandaq
Iranian reading? xandaġ
Tajik reading? xandaq

Noun

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خندق (xandaq) (plural خندق‌ها)

  1. moat

Descendants

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