خوش

See also: خوس‎, جوش‎, and حوش‎

Arabic[edit]

Verb[edit]

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II, non-past يُخَوِّشُ‎‎ (yuḵawwišu)

to countersink
to ream

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of

خَوَّشَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيش‎ taḵwīš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّش‎ muḵawwiš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّش‎ muḵawwaš
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّشْتُ‎ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتَ‎ ḵawwašta	خَوَّشَ ḵawwaša	خَوَّشْتُمَا‎ ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَا‎ ḵawwašā	خَوَّشْنَا‎ ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُمْ‎ ḵawwaštum	خَوَّشُوا‎ ḵawwašū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّشْتُ‎ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتِ‎ ḵawwašti	خَوَّشَتْ‎ ḵawwašat	خَوَّشْتُمَا‎ ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَتَا‎ ḵawwašatā	خَوَّشْنَا‎ ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُنَّ‎ ḵawwaštunna	خَوَّشْنَ‎ ḵawwašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّشُ‎ ʾuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُ‎ tuḵawwišu	يُخَوِّشُ‎ yuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwišāni	يُخَوِّشَانِ‎ yuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ‎ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُونَ‎ tuḵawwišūna	يُخَوِّشُونَ‎ yuḵawwišūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّشُ‎ ʾuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشِينَ‎ tuḵawwišīna	تُخَوِّشُ‎ tuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwišāni	تُخَوِّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ‎ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwišna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّشَ‎ ʾuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَ‎ tuḵawwiša	يُخَوِّشَ‎ yuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا‎ yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ‎ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشُوا‎ tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا‎ yuḵawwišū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّشَ‎ ʾuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشِي‎ tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشَ‎ tuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ‎ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwišna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّشْ‎ ʾuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْ‎ tuḵawwiš	يُخَوِّشْ‎ yuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا‎ yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ‎ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشُوا‎ tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا‎ yuḵawwišū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّشْ‎ ʾuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشِي‎ tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشْ‎ tuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا‎ tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ‎ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwišna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّشْ ḵawwiš		خَوِّشَا‎ ḵawwišā			خَوِّشُوا‎ ḵawwišū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّشِي‎ ḵawwišī		خَوِّشَا‎ ḵawwišā			خَوِّشْنَ‎ ḵawwišna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّشْتُ‎ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتَ‎ ḵuwwišta	خُوِّشَ ḵuwwiša	خُوِّشْتُمَا‎ ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَا‎ ḵuwwišā	خُوِّشْنَا‎ ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُمْ‎ ḵuwwištum	خُوِّشُوا‎ ḵuwwišū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّشْتُ‎ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتِ‎ ḵuwwišti	خُوِّشَتْ‎ ḵuwwišat	خُوِّشْتُمَا‎ ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَتَا‎ ḵuwwišatā	خُوِّشْنَا‎ ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُنَّ‎ ḵuwwištunna	خُوِّشْنَ‎ ḵuwwišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّشُ‎ ʾuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُ‎ tuḵawwašu	يُخَوَّشُ‎ yuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwašāni	يُخَوَّشَانِ‎ yuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ‎ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُونَ‎ tuḵawwašūna	يُخَوَّشُونَ‎ yuḵawwašūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّشُ‎ ʾuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشِينَ‎ tuḵawwašīna	تُخَوَّشُ‎ tuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwašāni	تُخَوَّشَانِ‎ tuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ‎ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّشَ‎ ʾuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَ‎ tuḵawwaša	يُخَوَّشَ‎ yuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا‎ yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ‎ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشُوا‎ tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا‎ yuḵawwašū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّشَ‎ ʾuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشِي‎ tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشَ‎ tuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ‎ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّشْ‎ ʾuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْ‎ tuḵawwaš	يُخَوَّشْ‎ yuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا‎ yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ‎ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشُوا‎ tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا‎ yuḵawwašū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّشْ‎ ʾuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشِي‎ tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشْ‎ tuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا‎ tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ‎ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْنَ‎ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ‎ yuḵawwašna

Gulf Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian ‎ (xoš).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective[edit]

خوش • (ḵōš)

(with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
‏اهي خوش زوجة.‎‎
ihya ḵōš zōja
She’s a good wife.

Usage notes[edit]

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection[edit]

خوش • (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
‏- بنروح المخيم باچر
- خوش!‎‎
- We wanna go camping tomorrow.
- Awesome!

North Mesopotamian Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian ‎ (xoš).

Adjective[edit]

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
‏هذي خوش سيارة‎
haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə
This is a good car.

Usage notes[edit]

The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms[edit]

مليح‎ (mliːħ)
زين‎ (zɪn)

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /xwaš/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢‎‎ (xwš‎ /xwaš/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢‎‎ (wxš‎ /wxaš/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi ‎ (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of ‎ (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʿałcʿr).^[1]^[2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xʷaʃ/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /xoʃ/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /xuʃ/

Adjective[edit]

Iranian Persian	خوش
Dari	خوش
Tajik	хуш (xuš)

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر‎ (xoš-tar), superlative خوش‌تَرین‎ (xoš-tarin))

Inflection[edit]

Predicative forms of خوش (xoš)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“I am, we are”)	خوشم‎ (xošam)	خوشیم‎ (xošim)
2^nd person (“you are”)	خوشی‎ (xoši)	خوشید‎ (xošid) خوشین‎ ^△ (xošin)
3^rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خوش است‎ (xoš ast) خوشه‎ ^△ (xoše)	خوشند‎ (xošand) خوشن‎ ^△ (xošan)
^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms[edit]

خوش آمدید‎ (xoš âmadid)
خوشی‎ (xoši)
سرخوش‎ (sarxoš)
خوش و بش‎ (xoš-o-beš)
خوشحال‎ (xošhâl)
خوشگل‎ (xošgel)

Descendants[edit]

→ Azerbaijani: xoş
→ Gulf Arabic: خوش‎ (ḵōš)
→ Bengali: খোশ (khoś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
Urdu: خوش‎ (xuś)
- → Phalura: xošaán
→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش‎ (ḵōš)
→ Punjabi: ਖੁਸ਼ (khuś), خُوش‎ (xūś)
→ Saraiki: خُوش‎ (xūś)
→ Turkish: hoş
→ Uyghur: خۇش‎ (xush)

References[edit]

^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000), “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
^ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
^ Müller, Friedrich (1891), “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Saraiki[edit]

Adjective[edit]

خوش (xoś)

happy

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (xoš).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/
Rhymes: -ʊʃ

Adjective[edit]

خوش • (xoś) (Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

Descendants[edit]

→ Phalura: xošaán

References[edit]

“خوش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“خوش”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.

Uyghur[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /xoʃ/, /xɔʃ/.

Interjection[edit]

خوش • (xosh)

goodbye

[1] Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000), “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204

[2] Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132

[3] Müller, Friedrich (1891), “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356

[4] Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508

[5] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

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خوش

Contents

Arabic[edit]

Verb[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Gulf Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Interjection[edit]

North Mesopotamian Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Saraiki[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Uyghur[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Interjection[edit]

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