خوش

See also: خوس, جوش, and حوش

Arabic

Verb

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II (non-past يُخَوِّشُ (yuḵawwišu), verbal noun تَخْوِيش (taḵwīš))

to countersink
to ream

Conjugation

Conjugation of **خَوَّشَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَخْوِيش*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيش taḵwīš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّش muḵawwiš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّش muḵawwaš
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتَ ḵawwašta	خَوَّشَ ḵawwaša	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَا ḵawwašā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُمْ ḵawwaštum	خَوَّشُوا ḵawwašū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتِ ḵawwašti	خَوَّشَتْ ḵawwašat	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَتَا ḵawwašatā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُنَّ ḵawwaštunna	خَوَّشْنَ ḵawwašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	يُخَوِّشُ yuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	يُخَوِّشَانِ yuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُونَ tuḵawwišūna	يُخَوِّشُونَ yuḵawwišūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشِينَ tuḵawwišīna	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	يُخَوِّشَ yuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	يُخَوِّشْ yuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّشْ ḵawwiš		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشُوا ḵawwišū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّشِي ḵawwišī		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشْنَ ḵawwišna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتَ ḵuwwišta	خُوِّشَ ḵuwwiša	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَا ḵuwwišā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُمْ ḵuwwištum	خُوِّشُوا ḵuwwišū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتِ ḵuwwišti	خُوِّشَتْ ḵuwwišat	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَتَا ḵuwwišatā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُنَّ ḵuwwištunna	خُوِّشْنَ ḵuwwišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	يُخَوَّشُ yuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	يُخَوَّشَانِ yuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُونَ tuḵawwašūna	يُخَوَّشُونَ yuḵawwašūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشِينَ tuḵawwašīna	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	يُخَوَّشَ yuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	يُخَوَّشْ yuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective

خوش • (ḵōš)

(with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
اهي خوش زوجة. ― ihya ḵōš zōja ― She’s a good wife.

Usage notes

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection

خوش • (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
- بنروح المخيم باچر
- خوش! ― - We wanna go camping tomorrow.
- Awesome!

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هايه خوش سيارة ― hāya ḵōš sayyāra ― This is a good car.

Interjection

خوش (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

Usage notes

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Synonyms

زين (zēn)

North Mesopotamian Arabic

Etymology

From Persian (xoš).

Adjective

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هذي خوش سيارة ― haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə ― This is a good car.

Usage notes

The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms

مليح (mliːħ)
زين (zɪn)

Persian

Alternative forms

خواش (xâš) (dialectal, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan)
خش (xaš) (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭥𐭱 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (weş), Southern Kurdish خوەش (xweş), Baluchi (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr).^[1]^[2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈxʷaʃ/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuʃ], [xʊːʃ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoʃ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuʃ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xwaš
Dari reading^?	xuš, xōš
Iranian reading^?	xoš
Tajik reading^?	xuš

Audio (Iran): (file)

Adjective

خوش • (xwaš / xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر, superlative خوش‌تَرین, Tajik spelling хуш)

Inflection

Predicative forms of **خوش** (xoš)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“I am, we are”)	خوشم (xošam)	خوشیم (xošim)
2^nd person (“you are”)	خوشی (xoši)	خوشید، خوشین^△ (xošid, xošin^△)
3^rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خوش است، خوشه^△ (xoš ast, xoše^△)	خوشند، خوشن^△ (xošand, xošan^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

خوش آمدید (xoš âmadid)
خوش و بش (xoš-o-beš)
خوشایند (xošâyande)
خوشحال (xošhâl)
خوشوقت (xošvaqt)
خوشگل (xošgel)
خوشی (xoši)
خوش‌مزه (xoš-maze)
سرخوش (sarxoš)

Descendants

→ Armenian: խոշ (xoš)
→ Azerbaijani: xoş
→ Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Bengali: খোশ (khōś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
Urdu: خوش (xuś)
- → Palula: xošaán
- → Ushojo: خوشالہ
→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
→ Marathi: खुश (khuś)
→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ (xuś)

Shahmukhi script: خُوش (xuś)
→ Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)
→ Turkish: hoş
→ Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

References

^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000), “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
^ Korn, Agnes (2005), Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
^ Müller, Friedrich (1891), “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
^ Horn, Paul (1893), Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Saraiki

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/

Adjective

خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)

happy

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ʊʃ

Adjective

خوش • (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

Derived terms

خوش آمْدِید (xoś āmdīd)
خوش خَبَری (xoś xabarī)
خوش قِسْمَت (xoś qismat)
خوش مِزاج (xoś mizāj)
خوش نَصِیب (xoś nasīb)
خوش گوار (xoś gvār)
خوشاُسْلُوبی (xośāuslūbī)
خوشبُو (xośbū)
خوشحال
خوشْبُودار (xośbūdār)
خوشی (xośī)
خوشی سے (xośī se)

Descendants

→ Palula: xošaán
→ Ushojo: خوشالہ

Uyghur

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /χoʃ/

Interjection

خوش • (xosh)

goodbye

[1] Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000), “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204

[2] Korn, Agnes (2005), Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132

[3] Müller, Friedrich (1891), “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356

[4] Horn, Paul (1893), Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508

[5] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Arabic

Verb

Conjugation

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Interjection

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Interjection

Usage notes

Synonyms

North Mesopotamian Arabic

Etymology

Adjective

Usage notes

Synonyms

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Further reading

Saraiki

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Urdu

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Uyghur

Pronunciation

Interjection