خوش

See also: خوس, جوش, and حوش

Arabic[edit]

Verb[edit]

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II, non-past يُخَوِّشُ‎ (yuḵawwišu)

to countersink
to ream

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of

خَوَّشَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيش taḵwīš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّش muḵawwiš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّش muḵawwaš
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتَ ḵawwašta	خَوَّشَ ḵawwaša	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَا ḵawwašā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُمْ ḵawwaštum	خَوَّشُوا ḵawwašū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتِ ḵawwašti	خَوَّشَتْ ḵawwašat	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَتَا ḵawwašatā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُنَّ ḵawwaštunna	خَوَّشْنَ ḵawwašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	يُخَوِّشُ yuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	يُخَوِّشَانِ yuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُونَ tuḵawwišūna	يُخَوِّشُونَ yuḵawwišūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشِينَ tuḵawwišīna	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	يُخَوِّشَ yuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	يُخَوِّشْ yuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّشْ ḵawwiš		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشُوا ḵawwišū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّشِي ḵawwišī		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشْنَ ḵawwišna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتَ ḵuwwišta	خُوِّشَ ḵuwwiša	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَا ḵuwwišā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُمْ ḵuwwištum	خُوِّشُوا ḵuwwišū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتِ ḵuwwišti	خُوِّشَتْ ḵuwwišat	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَتَا ḵuwwišatā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُنَّ ḵuwwištunna	خُوِّشْنَ ḵuwwišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	يُخَوَّشُ yuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	يُخَوَّشَانِ yuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُونَ tuḵawwašūna	يُخَوَّشُونَ yuḵawwašūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشِينَ tuḵawwašīna	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	يُخَوَّشَ yuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	يُخَوَّشْ yuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna

Gulf Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective[edit]

خوش • (ḵōš)

(with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
اهي خوش زوجة.
ihya ḵōš zōja
She’s a good wife.

Usage notes[edit]

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection[edit]

خوش • (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
- بنروح المخيم باچر
- خوش!
- We wanna go camping tomorrow.
- Awesome!

Iraqi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective[edit]

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هايه خوش سيارة
hāya ḵōš sayyāra
This is a good car.

Interjection[edit]

خوش (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

Usage notes[edit]

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Synonyms[edit]

زين (zēn)

North Mesopotamian Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian (xoš).

Adjective[edit]

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هذي خوش سيارة
haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə
This is a good car.

Usage notes[edit]

The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms[edit]

مليح (mliːħ)
زين (zɪn)

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʻałcʻr).^[1]^[2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

Audio (file)

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xʷaʃ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuʃ], [xʊːʃ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoʃ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuʃ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xwaš
Dari reading^?	xuš, xōš
Iranian reading^?	xoš
Tajik reading^?	xuš

Adjective[edit]


Iranian Persian	خوش
Dari	خوش
Tajik	хуш

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوش‌تَرین (xoš-tarin))

Inflection[edit]

Predicative forms of خوش (xoš)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“I am, we are”)	خوشم (xošam)	خوشیم (xošim)
2^nd person (“you are”)	خوشی (xoši)	خوشید (xošid) خوشین ^△ (xošin)
3^rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خوش است (xoš ast) خوشه ^△ (xoše)	خوشند (xošand) خوشن ^△ (xošan)
^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms[edit]

خوش آمدید (xoš âmadid)
خوشی (xoši)
سرخوش (sarxoš)
خوش و بش (xoš-o-beš)
خوشحال (xošhâl)
خوشگل (xošgel)
خوشوقت (xošvaqt)
خوش‌مزه (xoš-maze)

Descendants[edit]

→ Armenian: խոշ (xoš)
→ Azerbaijani: xoş
→ Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Bengali: খোশ (khōś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
Urdu: خوش (xuś)
- → Phalura: xošaán
- → Ushojo: خوشالہ
→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Punjabi: ਖੁਸ਼ (khuś), خُوش (xūś)
→ Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)
→ Turkish: hoş
→ Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

References[edit]

^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
^ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
^ Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Saraiki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/

Adjective[edit]

خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)

happy

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/
Rhymes: -ʊʃ

Adjective[edit]

خوش • (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

Descendants[edit]

→ Phalura: xošaán
→ Ushojo: خوشالہ

Uyghur[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /xoʃ/, /xɔʃ/.

Interjection[edit]

خوش • (xosh)

goodbye

[1] Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204

[2] Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132

[3] Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356

[4] Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508

[5] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

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خوش

Arabic[edit]

Verb[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Gulf Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Iraqi Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

North Mesopotamian Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Saraiki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Uyghur[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Interjection[edit]

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