يوم

See also: یوم and يؤم

Arabic

Root
ي و م (y w m)
3 terms

Etymology 1.1

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *yawm-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jawm/

Noun

يَوْم • (yawm) m (plural أَيَّام (ʔayyām))

1. day, period from sunrise to sunset

   Antonym: لَيْلَة (layla)

   أَذْهَبُ إِلَى ٱلْمَدْرَسَةِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.

   ʔaḏhabu ʔilā l-madrasati kulla yawmin.

   I go to school every day.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 69:7:

     سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُومًا فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ

     saḵḵarahā ʕalayhim sabʕa layālin wa-ṯamāniyata ʔayyāmin ḥusūman fa-tarā l-qawma fīhā ṣarʕā kaʔannahum ʔaʕjāzu naḵlin ḵāwiyatin

     Which Allah imposed upon them for seven nights and eight days in succession, so you would see the people therein fallen as if they were hollow trunks of palm trees.

2. day, period of twenty-four hours

   فِي يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ ― fī yawmin mina l-ʔayyāmi ― once (in the past), once upon a time

3. (singular only) Judgment Day
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 76:7:

     يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا

     yūfūna bi-n-naḏri wa-yaḵāfūna yawman kāna šarruhu mustaṭīran

     They fulfil [their] vows and fear a Day of sweeping horror,

4. (uncommon, Classical) (day of) battle

   أَيَّامُ الْعَرَبِ

   ʔayyāmu l-ʕarabi

   Days of the Arabs, the legendary battles between pre-Islamic Arab tribes

   يَوْمُ ذِي قَارَ ― yawmu ḏī qāra ― Battle of Dhu Qar

Declension

Declension of noun يَوْم (yawm)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَوْم yawm	الْيَوْم al-yawm	يَوْم yawm
nominative	يَوْمٌ yawmun	الْيَوْمُ al-yawmu	يَوْمُ yawmu
accusative	يَوْمًا yawman	الْيَوْمَ al-yawma	يَوْمَ yawma
genitive	يَوْمٍ yawmin	الْيَوْمِ al-yawmi	يَوْمِ yawmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَوْمَيْن yawmayn	الْيَوْمَيْن al-yawmayn	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
nominative	يَوْمَانِ yawmāni	الْيَوْمَانِ al-yawmāni	يَوْمَا yawmā
accusative	يَوْمَيْنِ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
genitive	يَوْمَيْنِ yawmayni	الْيَوْمَيْنِ al-yawmayni	يَوْمَيْ yawmay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَيَّام ʔayyām	الْأَيَّام al-ʔayyām	أَيَّام ʔayyām
nominative	أَيَّامٌ ʔayyāmun	الْأَيَّامُ al-ʔayyāmu	أَيَّامُ ʔayyāmu
accusative	أَيَّامًا ʔayyāman	الْأَيَّامَ al-ʔayyāma	أَيَّامَ ʔayyāma
genitive	أَيَّامٍ ʔayyāmin	الْأَيَّامِ al-ʔayyāmi	أَيَّامِ ʔayyāmi

Derived terms

• الْيَوْمَ (al-yawma)
• يَوْم الدِّين (yawm ad-dīn)
• يَوْم الْقِيَامَة (yawm al-qiyāma)
• يَوْمًا (yawman)
• يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ (yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka, proverb)
• يَوْمَئِذٍ (yawmaʔiḏin)
• يَوْمَذَاكَ (yawmaḏāka)
• يَوْمِيَّة (yawmiyya)
• يَوْمِيّ (yawmiyy)

Descendants

• > Egyptian Arabic: يوم (yōm) (inherited)
• > Gulf Arabic: يوم (yōm) (inherited)
• > Hijazi Arabic: يوم (yōm) (inherited)
• > Iraqi Arabic: يوم (yōm) (inherited)
• > Maltese: jum (inherited)
• > Moroccan Arabic: يوم (yūm) (inherited)
• → Classical Persian: یوم (yawm)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: यौम (yaum), योम (yom)

    Urdu: یوم (yaum)

• → Ottoman Turkish: یوم (yevm)
  • Turkish: yevm

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jaw.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

يَوْمَ • (yawma)

1. at the day when
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 79:46:

     كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَاهَا

     kaʔannahum yawma yarawnahā lam yalbaṯū ʔillā ʕašiyyatan ʔaw ḍuḥāhā

     It will be, on the Day they see it, as though they had not remained except for an afternoon or a morning thereof.

See also

• لَيْل (layl)
• نَهَار (nahār)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “يوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

Egyptian Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين (yūmēn), plural أيام (ayyām), paucal تيام (tiyām))

1. day

Coordinate terms

• ليل (lēl, “nighttime”)
• ليلة (lēla, “night”)
• نهار (nahār, “daytime”)

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

Gulf Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

• (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /joːm/

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (dual يومين (yōmēn), plural أيام (ayyām))

1. day

   ما بتروحون معرض يوم البحار؟ ― Are you not going to the Sailor Day fair?

   اليوم مو يومي ― il-yōm mū yōmi ― Today is not my day

2. (usually in the plural) time, era, age

   أيام الغزو ― the time of the invasion

   أيام الشاه ― the Shah era

Derived terms

• اليوم (il-yōm, “today”)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

Hijazi Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːm/, [jo̞ːm]

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (dual يومين (yōmēn), plural أَيَّام (ʔayyām))

1. day

See also

units of time: وحدات الوقت (wiḥdāt al-wagt)edit

• سنة (sana)
• شهر (šahar)
• أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
• يوم (yōm)
• ساعة (sāʕa)
• دقيقة (dagīga)
• لحظة (laḥẓa)
• ثانية (ṯānya)

Malay

Noun

يوم (plural يوم-يوم or يوم٢)

1. Jawi spelling of yaum.‎

   Synonym: هاري

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

Moroccan Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /juːm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

يوم • (yūm) m (dual يومين (yūmayn), plural إيام (ʔiyyām) or إيامات (ʔiyyāmāt))

1. day

   Synonym: نهار (nhār)

   Antonym: ليل (līl)

2. (usually in the plural) time, era, age

Derived terms

• اليوم (el-yūma, “today”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

North Levantine Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jawm/, [joːm]

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m or f (plural إيام (ʾiyyām))

1. day

Usage notes

• Despite appearing masculine, the word is often feminine when definite. For example, it can be used with a feminine determiner like هديك اليوم (hadīk l-yōm, “that day”) instead of a masculine one like هيداك اليوم (haydāk l-yom, “that day”), and it can appear as يومتـ (yawmit-, yōmit-) in the construct state.

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jum/

Noun

يوم • (yûm) m

1. spade

Declension

Declension of يوم

	singular	plural
direct	يوم (yûm)	يومونه (yûmuna)
oblique	يوم (yûm)	يومونو (yûmuno)
vocative	يومه (yûma)	يومونو (yûmuno)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *yawm-

Arabic يَوْم (yawm)

South Levantine Arabic يوم

Inherited from Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joːm/, [joːm]

• Audio (Amman):

  (file)

Noun

يوم • (yōm) m (plural أيّام (ʔayyām))

1. day

   Antonym: ليلة (lēle)

Derived terms

• اليوم (il-yōm, “today”)

See also

• نهار (nhār, “daytime”)
• ليل (lēl, “nighttime”)

units of time: وحدات الوقت (waḥdāt il-waʔt)edit

• سنة (sane)
• شهر (šahr)
• أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
• يوم (yōm)
• ساعة (sāʕa)
• دقيقة (daʔīʔa)
• لحظة (laḥẓa)
• ثانية (ṯānye)