یوغ

Karakhanid

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yōg. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖𐰆𐰍 (y¹uǧ).

Noun

یُوغْ (yūğ /yōğ/)

1. food given for three days after a funeral

Further reading

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521)‎^[1] (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 143

Old Anatolian Turkish

Predicative

یوغ • (yoġ)

1. alternative form of یوق (yoq)

Descendants

• Turkish: yo

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018), Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 768

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian یوغ (yuġ).

Noun

یوغ • (yug)

1. yoke, a bar or frame by which two draught animals are joined at their necks

   Synonym: بویوندرق (boyunduruk)

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “yug”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5375
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “yûg”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 1397
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Jugum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 885
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “یوغ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 5625
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “یوغ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2215

Persian

Alternative forms

• یغ (yoġ), جوغ (juġ), جغ (joġ)

Etymology

From earlier جغ (joġ), from Middle Persian ywg (juğ, “yoke”), from Proto-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. From the same root are جفت (joft) and, via Greek and Arabic, زُوج (zowj), both meaning “pair, couple; partner; even number”. Cognate with English yoke.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈjuːɣ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [juːɣ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [juːɣ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [juːɣ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [juɣ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [juːɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [juʁ]

Readings
Classical reading?	yūġ
Dari reading?	yūġ
Iranian reading?	yuġ
Tajik reading?	yuġ

Noun

Dari	یوغ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	юғ

یوغ • (yuġ) (plural یوغ‌ها)

1. yoke

Related terms

• جفت (joft)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: योग़ (yoġ)

  Urdu: یوغ (yoġ)

• → Ottoman Turkish: یوغ (yug)

Urdu

Etymology

PIE word
*yugóm

Borrowed from Classical Persian یوغ (yōġ, “yoke”).

Cognate with Pashto جغ (źëǧ, “yoke”), Torwali یو (yū, “yoke”), and Kalasha جو (ǰu, “yoke”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /joːɣ/

Noun

یوغ • (yoġ) m (Hindi spelling योग़)

1. yoke, union, joining
2. yoke used for draught animals
3. (biology) the fusion of two cells

Derived terms

• یوغہ (yoġa)
• یوغ بَذْرَہ (yoġ-bazra)
• یوغ شَکْل (yoġ-śakl)

Related terms

• جُفت (juft)

References

• “یوغ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “یوغ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• “یوغ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.