جفت

See also: حفت, خفت, and حقت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جفت (jaft).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaft/

Noun

جَفْت • (jaft) m

1. (obsolete, possibly only of بَلُّوط (ballūṭ, “acorn”)) grilled inner skin
   • a. 1165, ابن التلميذ [Ibn al-Tilmīḏ], edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 72 Nr. 80:

     سفوف ممسك للبول
     سعد سنبل أسطوخوذس كندر قشار الكندر جفت البلوط مشوي أجزاء سواء يدق ويجمع ويتناول منه بالغدوات مثقال وآخر النهار مثقال

     A powder which retains urine
     Cyperus, Indian spikenard, French lavender, frankincense and the bark of its tree, and the grilled inner skins of acorn-cups in equal parts. (This) is pounded, brought together, and one miṯqāl from it is taken in the mornings and (again) at the end of the day.

Declension

Declension of noun جَفْت (jaft)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَفْت jaft	الْجَفْت al-jaft	جَفْت jaft
nominative	جَفْتٌ jaftun	الْجَفْتُ al-jaftu	جَفْتُ jaftu
accusative	جَفْتًا jaftan	الْجَفْتَ al-jafta	جَفْتَ jafta
genitive	جَفْتٍ jaftin	الْجَفْتِ al-jafti	جَفْتِ jafti

Etymology 2

From Palestinian dialects, borrowed from Aramaic גיפתא (gip̄tā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒift/

Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m

1. amurca, pomace of olives

Declension

Declension of noun جِفْت (jift)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِفْت jift	الْجِفْت al-jift	جِفْت jift
nominative	جِفْتٌ jiftun	الْجِفْتُ al-jiftu	جِفْتُ jiftu
accusative	جِفْتًا jiftan	الْجِفْتَ al-jifta	جِفْتَ jifta
genitive	جِفْتٍ jiftin	الْجِفْتِ al-jifti	جِفْتِ jifti

Etymology 3

From Egyptian dialects, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفت (çift).

Alternative forms

• شِفْت (šift)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒift/
• (less commonly) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaft/

Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m (plural جُفُوت (jufūt))

1. forceps, tweezers; clamp; inset
2. eaves of a roof

   Synonym: سَقِيفَة (saqīfa)

3. (firearms) double-barreled shotgun

Declension

Declension of noun جِفْت (jift)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِفْت jift	الْجِفْت al-jift	جِفْت jift
nominative	جِفْتٌ jiftun	الْجِفْتُ al-jiftu	جِفْتُ jiftu
accusative	جِفْتًا jiftan	الْجِفْتَ al-jifta	جِفْتَ jifta
genitive	جِفْتٍ jiftin	الْجِفْتِ al-jifti	جِفْتِ jifti
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِفْتَيْن jiftayn	الْجِفْتَيْن al-jiftayn	جِفْتَيْ jiftay
nominative	جِفْتَانِ jiftāni	الْجِفْتَانِ al-jiftāni	جِفْتَا jiftā
accusative	جِفْتَيْنِ jiftayni	الْجِفْتَيْنِ al-jiftayni	جِفْتَيْ jiftay
genitive	جِفْتَيْنِ jiftayni	الْجِفْتَيْنِ al-jiftayni	جِفْتَيْ jiftay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُفُوت jufūt	الْجُفُوت al-jufūt	جُفُوت jufūt
nominative	جُفُوتٌ jufūtun	الْجُفُوتُ al-jufūtu	جُفُوتُ jufūtu
accusative	جُفُوتًا jufūtan	الْجُفُوتَ al-jufūta	جُفُوتَ jufūta
genitive	جُفُوتٍ jufūtin	الْجُفُوتِ al-jufūti	جُفُوتِ jufūti

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ywht /⁠ǰuxt⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *yuxtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós. Doublet of یوغ (yuġ) and زوج (zowj).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒuft/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊft̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊft̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊft̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuft̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoft̪ʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuft̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	juft
Dari reading?	juft
Iranian reading?	joft
Tajik reading?	juft

• Rhymes: -oft (In Iran)

Noun

جفت • (joft) (plural جفت‌ها (joft-hâ))

1. pair; couple

   Synonym: زوج (zowj)

   جفت جوراب ― joft-e jurâb ― pair of socks

2. mate; partner

   Synonyms: زوج (zowj), همسر (hamsar)

3. even number

   Synonym: زوج (zowj)

   Antonym: فرد (fard)

4. yoke

   Synonym: یوغ (yuġ)

5. short for جفت جنین (joft-e janin, “placenta”)

   Synonyms: همراه (hamrâh), مشیمه (mašime)

Adjective

جفت • (joft)

1. with a matching pair; joined as a couple
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 27—28:

     با لب دمساز خود گر جفتمی
     همچو نی من گفتنیها گفتمی‌‌
     هر که او از هم زبانی شد جدا
     بی‌‌زبان شد گر چه دارد صد نوا

     bā lab-i damsāz-i xwad gar juft-amē
     hamčō nay man guftanī-hā guftamē
     har ki ō az ham zabānī šud judā
     bē-zabān šud gar či dārad sad nawā

     Were I joined to the lip of one in accord with me,
     I too, like the reed, would tell all that may be told;
     [But] whoever is parted from one who speaks his language
     Becomes dumb, though he have a hundred songs.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. even (of numbers)

Derived terms

• جفت جفت (joft joft)
• جفت جنین (joft-e janin)
• جفت زدن (joft zadan)
• جفت شدن (joft šodan)
• جفت کردن (joft kardan)
• جفت گرفتن (joft gereftan)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: cift, cüt
• → Bashkir: йоп (yop), хәләл ефет (xələl yefet)
• → Chagatai: جفت (juft)
  • Uzbek: juft
  • Uyghur: جۈپ (jüp)
• → Georgian: ჯუფთი (ǯupti)
• → Kazakh: жұп (jūp)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چفت (çift), չիֆթ (çift) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: çift
  • → Albanian: çift
  • → Arabic: جِفْت (jift), شِفْت (šift)
  • → Armenian: չիֆթ (čʻiftʻ)
  • → Macedonian: чифт (čift)
• → Turkmen: jüp, jübüt

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Regard Sanskrit चाप (cāpa, “bow; arc”), Persian چپ (čap, “left”), چپه (čape, “topped over”), Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk, “supple”), Sangisari, Semnani, Lasgerdi, Sorkhrudi Mazanderani چفت (čeft, “sheepfold”), Shahmirzadi چفت (čoft, “sheepfold”), Shughni чаг̌ (čaɣ̌, “reed”), Chagatai چیغ (çığ, “reed, any stiff steppe grass; a mat or screen from stiff grass and sticks used as a covering of tents”), also borrowed into Persian as چیق (čiq) and Russian чий (čij), and Classical Syriac ܓܦܬܐ (gəp̄ettā, “vine”) akin to Arabic جَفْنَة (jafna).

Alternative forms

• جفته (jafta), چفت (čaft), چفته (čafta), چفد (čafd), چفده (čafda), چخت (čaxt, čuxt), چخد (čuxd)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaft/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæft̪ʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäft̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaft
Dari reading?	jaft
Iranian reading?	jaft
Tajik reading?	jaft

Noun

جفت • (jaft) (plural جفت‌ها (jaft-hâ)) (obsolete)

1. trellis, espalier
2. a bunch of grapes
3. roof, especially a bowed one
4. inner skin, rind, bast (possibly only of بَلُّوط (balūt, “acorns”), because of their “cups”)

Adjective

جفت • (jaft)

1. curved, arcuate, bent, doubled
2. wrinkled
3. toasted

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 404b
• Johnson, Francis (1852), “جفت”, in A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., page 431b
• Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990), Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎^[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 34–35 Nr. 89
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “جفت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 364
• Vullers, Johann August (1855), “جفت”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 518–519