ܣܬܘܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

ܣܬܘܐ

Etymology

Root
ܣ ܬ ܐ (s t ˀ)
3 terms

Inherited from Aramaic סַתְוָא (saṯwā) and reshaped under the noun pattern 1i23ā; related to Classical Syriac ܣܲܬ݂ܘܵܐ (saṯwā), Turoyo ܣܱܬ݂ܘܐ (säṯwo), Arabic شِتَاء (šitāʔ), and Hebrew סְתָו (s'táv, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [sɪt.wɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [sɪt.wɑː]

Noun

ܣܸܬܘܵܐ • (sitwā) m (plural ܣܸܬܘܹ̈ܐ (sitwē) or ܣܸܬܘܵܢܹ̈ܐ (sitwānē))

1. winter (season of short days and cold temperatures)

Inflection

Inflection of ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܣܬܲܘ (staw)		1st person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܝܼ (siṯwī)		ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܢ (siṯwan)
	construct	ܣܬܲܘ (staw)		2nd person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܘܼܟ݂ (siṯwōḵ)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܟ݂ܝ (siṯwāḵ)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (siṯwawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܐ (siṯwā)		3rd person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܹܗ (siṯwēh)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܗ̇ (siṯwāh)	ܣܬܲܘܗܘܿܢ (stawhōn)
plural	absolute	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܝܼ̈ܢ (siṯwīn)		1st person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܝܼ̈ (siṯwī)		ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܢ̈ (siṯwan)
	construct	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܝ̈ (siṯway)		2nd person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (siṯwōḵ)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (siṯwāḵ)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (siṯwawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܹ̈ܐ (siṯwē)		3rd person	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܘܼ̈ܗܝ (siṯwūh)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (siṯwōh)	ܣܸܬ݂ܘܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (siṯwayhōn)

Coordinate terms

• seasons: ܐܸܩܡܹ̈ܐ (iqmē): ܢܝܼ̈ܣܵܢܹܐ (nīsānē) · ܩܲܝܛܵܐ (qayṭā) · ܬܫܸܪ̈ܝܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (tširyawwāṯā) · ܣܸܬ݂ܘܵܐ (siṯwā) ^[edit]

Derived terms

• ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܡܲܣܬܝܵܐ (bēṯ mastyā, “hibernacle”)
• ܛܪܘܿܦܝܼܩܘܿܣ ܣܸܬܘܵܝܵܐ (ṭrōpīqōs sitwāyā, “winter solstice”)
• ܡܲܣܬܝܵܢܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (mastyānūṯā, “hibernation”)
• ܡܲܣܬܹܐ (mastē, “to hibernate”)
• ܣܸܬܘܵܝܵܐ (sitwāyā, “wintry, hibernal”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

Cognate to Arabic شِتَاء (šitāʔ, “winter”) and Hebrew סְתָו (səṯāw, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [saθwɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [saθwe] (plural)

Noun

ܣܬܘܐ • (saṯwā) m (plural ܣܬܘܐ (saṯwē))

1. winter
   • a. 500, Anatolius of Berytus, “Συναγωγὴ γεωργικῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων [Sunagōgḕ geōrgikôn epitēdeumátōn, Collection of agricultural practices]”, in Kosta Gligorijevic, editor, Oriens‎^[1], volume 53, numbers 3–4, published 1 December 2025, →DOI, page 279 of 240–288:

     ܐܢ ܒܬܪ ܩܛܦܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܛܪܐ ܩܕܡ ܕܬܛܒܥ ܟܝܡܐ(.) ܗܘܐ ܩܰܕܶܡ ܣܬܘܐ. ܐܢ ܕܝܢ ܒܡܥ̈ܪܒܝܗ̇ ܕܟܝܡܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܡܛܪܐ ܡܨܥܢܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܣܬܘܐ. ܐܢ ܕܝܢ ܒܬܪ ܡܥ̈ܪܒܝܗ̇ ܕܟܝܡܐ ܢܗܘܐ (.)ܡܘܚܪ ܣܬܘܐ.

     [original: ἐὰν οὖν μετὰ τρυγητὸν ὄμβρος γένηται πρὸ δύσεως Πλειάδων, πρώϊμον τὸ ἔτος ἔσται. ἐὰν δὲ ἅμα τῷ δύεσθαι τὰς Πλειάδας ὄμβρος γένηται, μέσον. ἐὰν δὲ μετὰ τὴν δύσιν τῶν Πλειάδων ὄμβρος ἄρξηται, ὄψιμον τὸ ἔτος.]

     eàn oûn metà trugētòn ómbros génētai prò dúseōs Pleiádōn, prṓïmon tò étos éstai. eàn dè háma tōî dúesthai tàs Pleiádas ómbros génētai, méson. eàn dè metà tḕn dúsin tôn Pleiádōn ómbros árxētai, ópsimon tò étos.

     If it rains after the grape harvest and before the setting of the Pleiades, winter will be early. But if it rains during the setting of the Pleiades, the winter will be even-timed. Whereas if it rains after the setting of the Pleiades, the winter will be late.

Inflection

Inflection of ܣܬܘܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܣܬܘ		1st person	ܣܬܘܝ		ܣܬܘܢ
	construct	ܣܬܘ		2nd person	ܣܬܘܟ	ܣܬܘܟܝ	ܣܬܘܟܘܢ	ܣܬܘܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܣܬܘܐ		3rd person	ܣܬܘܗ	ܣܬܘܗ	ܣܬܘܗܘܢ	ܣܬܘܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܣܬܘܝܢ		1st person	ܣܬܘܝ		ܣܬܘܝܢ
	construct	ܣܬܘܝ		2nd person	ܣܬܘܝܟ	ܣܬܘܝܟܝ	ܣܬܘܝܟܘܢ	ܣܬܘܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܣܬܘܐ		3rd person	ܣܬܘܘܗܝ	ܣܬܘܝܗ	ܣܬܘܝܗܘܢ	ܣܬܘܝܗܝܢ

References

• “stw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928), Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 502
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 239a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 393b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1051a–b

Turoyo

Etymology

From Aramaic ܣܬܘܐ (saṯwā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saθwo/

Noun

ܣܰܬ݂ܘܳܐ • (saṯwo) m

1. winter (season)

See also

Seasons in Turoyo · ܫܘܚܠܳܦܶܐ (šuḥlofe) (layout · text) · category
ܪܰܒܷܥ (rabëc, “spring”)	ܩܰܝܛܳܐ (qayṭo, “summer”)	ܬܷܫܪܳܝܳܬ݂ܶܐ (tëšroyoṯe, “autumn”)	ܣܰܬ݂ܘܳܐ (saṯwo, “winter”)