ܥܕ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From Aramaic עַד (ʿaḏ); compare cognate with Hebrew עַד ('ád), Akkadian 𒀀𒁲 (adi), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎄 (ʿd) and attested Arabic عَتَّى (ʕattā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʕað.]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʔad.]

Preposition

ܥܲܕ݂ • (ˁaḏ)

1. until, till, up until, up to, as far as

   ܥܲܕ݂ ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܗ̇ܘ ܦܸܬ݂ܩܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܩܲܝܵܡܵܐ؟ ― ˁaḏ īman awa piṯqā ìlēh qayyāmā? ― When is the ticket valid till?

2. by (a time): before or on

   ܥܲܕ݂ ܐܝܼܡܲܢ ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܡܲܩܪܒ݂ܸܢ ܠܵܗ̇؟ ― ˁaḏ īman wālē d-maqrḇin lāh? ― When do I have to submit it by?

3. to: used in expressing a range

   ܡ̣ܢ ܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܥܲܕ݂ ܐ݇ܓܵܪܹܐ. ― min arˁā ˁaḏ gārē. ― From the floor to the roof.

   ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ܥܲܕ݂ ܥܣܝܼܪܵܝܵܐ. ― min qammāyā ˁaḏ ˁsīrāyā. ― From the first to the tenth.

Derived terms

• ܥܕ݂ܲܟܹܝܠ (ˁḏakkēl)
• ܥܕ݂ܲܡܵܐ (ˁḏammā)
• ܥܲܕܠܵܐ (ˁadlā)

See also

• ܗܲܠ (hal)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

Cognate with Hebrew עַד (ʿaḏ, “until”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ʕað]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʕað]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ʕɑð]

Preposition

ܥܕ • (ʿaḏ)

1. until, up to, as far as
2. during

Conjunction

ܥܕ • (ʿaḏ)

1. until, till, up to
   • Peshitta, 1 Timothy 4:13:

     ܥܕ ܐܬܐ ܐܢܐ ܐܬܚܦܛ ܒܩܪܝܢܐ ܘܒܒܥܘܬܐ ܘܒܝܘܠܦܢܐ.

     ʿaḏ ʾāṯē-nā ʾeṯḥappaṭ bə-qeryānā wa-ḇə-ḇāʿūṯā wa-ḇə-yūlpānā.

     Till I come, give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine.

2. while, whilst, as long as
3. before

Adverb

ܥܕ • (ʿaḏ)

1. (followed by ܩܠܝܠ (qallīl)) almost, nearly

Derived terms

• ܥܕ ܠܐ (ʿaḏ lā)
• ܥܕܟܝܠ (ʿəḏakkêl)
• ܥܕܡܐ (ʿəḏammā)

 

References

• “ˁd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-06
• “ˁd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-06
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 244a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 400a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1069a-b