ܪܘܚܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܪ ܘ ܚ (r w ḥ)
7 terms

Inherited from Aramaic רוּחָא (rūḥā), from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-; compare Arabic رُوح (rūḥ), Hebrew רוּחַ (rúakh). The final sense of “self, oneself” is largely displaced by ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā) where this sense is not found in the Kurdish source word.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ruːxaː]

Noun

ܪܘܼܚܵܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ruḥḥāṯā))

1. spirit (motive intellectual or emotional force)
2. soul, essence, core or essential aspect required for being
3. spirit, specter, ghost

   Synonyms: ܫܪܲܓ݂ܪܵܓ݂ܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šraḡrāḡīṯā), ܗܲܓܵܓ݂ܵܐ (haggāḡā), ܦܲܢܛܲܣܡܵܐ (panṭasmā)

4. self, oneself

   Synonyms: ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā), ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܼܚܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܼܚ (rūḥ)		1st person	ܪܘܼܚܝܼ (rūḥī)		ܪܘܼܚܲܢ (rūḥan)
	construct	ܪܘܼܚ (rūḥ)		2nd person	ܪܘܼܚܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥōḵ)	ܪܘܼܚܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥāḵ)	ܪܘܼܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (rūḥā)		3rd person	ܪܘܼܚܹܗ (rūḥēh)	ܪܘܼܚܵܗ̇ (rūḥāh)	ܪܘܼܚܗܘܿܢ (ruḥhōn)
plural	absolute	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܢ (rūḥān)		1st person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܝܼ (rūḥāṯī)		ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܲܢ (rūḥāṯan)
	construct	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ (rūḥāṯ)		2nd person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (rūḥāṯōḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (rūḥāṯāḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rūḥāṯawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ruḥḥāṯā)		3rd person	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܹܗ (rūḥāṯēh)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (rūḥāṯāh)	ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (rūḥāṯhōn)

Derived terms

• ܪܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܵܐ (rūḥānāyā)
• ܪܘܼܚܵܐ ܕܩܘܼܕ݂ܫܵܐ (rūḥā dquḏšā)
• ܢܲܓܝܼܪܘܼܬ݂ ܪܘܼܚܵܐ (nagīrūṯ rūḥā)

See also

• ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā, “nature”)
• ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ (parṣōpā, “person”)
• ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā, “hypostasis”)
• ܐܲܦܹ̈ܐ (appē, “hypostatic properties”)
• ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā, “soul”)
• ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (yāṯā, “essence”)

Etymology 2

Root
ܪ ܘ ܚ (r w ḥ)
7 terms

Verbal noun of ܪܵܘܹܚ (rāwēḥ, “to broaden, widen; to be/become spacious”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [rəwɑːxɑː]

Noun

ܪܘܵܚܵܐ • (rwāḥā) m

1. (grammar, orthography) name of a vowel mark written over the letter waw equivalent to /oː/ or /o/

Usage notes

• (vowel mark): The vowel length of a ܪܘܵܚܵܐ (rwāḥā) is a short /o/ when preceding a two-construct cluster, and a long /oː/ otherwise.

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܵܚܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܵܚ (rwāḥ)		1st person	ܪܘܵܚܝܼ (rwāḥī)		ܪܘܵܚܲܢ (rwāḥan)
	construct	ܪܘܵܚ (rwāḥ)		2nd person	ܪܘܵܚܘܼܟ݂ (rwāḥōḵ)	ܪܘܵܚܵܟ݂ܝ (rwāḥāḵ)	ܪܘܵܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rwāḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪܘܵܚܵܐ (rwāḥā)		3rd person	ܪܘܵܚܹܗ (rwāḥēh)	ܪܘܵܚܵܗ̇ (rwāḥāh)	ܪܘܵܚܗܘܿܢ (rwāḥhōn)
plural	absolute	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܝܼܢ (rwāḥīn)		1st person	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܝܼ (rwāḥī)		ܪ̈ܘܵܚܲܢ (rwāḥan)
	construct	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܲܝ (rwāḥay)		2nd person	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܘܼܟ݂ (rwāḥōḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܵܟ݂ܝ (rwāḥāḵ)	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (rwāḥawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܹܐ (rwāḥē)		3rd person	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܘܼܗܝ (rwāḥūh)	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܘܼܗ̇ (rwāḥōh)	ܪ̈ܘܵܚܲܝܗܘܿܢ (rwāḥayhōn)

Coordinate terms

• (Vowels) ܙܵܘܥܹ̈ܐ (zāwˁē); ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ (pṯāḥā, “a”, literally “opening”), ܙܩܵܦܵܐ (zqāpā, “ā”, literally “erecting”), ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ (zlāmā pšīqā, “i, e”, literally “easy slanting”), ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܸܫܝܵܐ (zlāmā qišyā, “ē”, literally “hard slanting”), ܪܘܵܚܵܐ (rwāḥā, “ō”, literally “expanding”), ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ (rḇāṣā, “ū”, literally “pressing”), ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ (ḥḇāṣā, “ī”, literally “thronging”),

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-West Semitic *rūḥ-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈru.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈru.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈru.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rūḥā) f (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rūḥē) or ܪܘܚܬܐ (rūḥāṯā) or ܪܘܚܢܐ (rūḥānē))

1. spirit, specter/spectre, ghost, demon
2. life, breath
3. wind, vapor/vapour
4. (geography) cardinal direction
5. flatulence
6. smell, odor/odour
7. pain

Usage notes

Though this word is feminine, ܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ (rūḥā ḏə-quḏšā, “Holy Spirit”), as well as evil spirits, are usually masculine in later Syriac.

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ		1st person	ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܝ ,ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚܢܝ ,ܪܘܚܬ ,ܪܘܚܝ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܢܝܟ ,ܪܘܚܬܟ ,ܪܘܚܝܟ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܢܝܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܟܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܢܐ ,ܪܘܚܬܐ ,ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܢܘܗܝ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܘܗܝ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗ ,ܪܘܚܬܗ ,ܪܘܚܝܗ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܘܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܢܝܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܬܗܝܢ ,ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Malayalam: റൂഹാ (ṟūhā), റൂഹ (ṟūha)

Etymology 2

From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [r(ə.)ˈwɑ.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrwɑ.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrwo.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rəwāḥā) m(uncountable)

1. joy
2. (grammar, orthography) name of a vowel mark equivalent to /o/

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

From the root ܪ ܘ ܚ, related to expanding.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈraw.ħɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrɑw.xɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈrɑw.ħo]

Noun

ܪܘܚܐ • (rawḥā) m (plural ܪܘܚܐ (rawḥē))

1. space, interstice

Inflection

Inflection of ܪܘܚܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܪܘܚ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܟ	ܪܘܚܟܝ	ܪܘܚܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗ	ܪܘܚܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܪܘܚܝܢ		1st person	ܪܘܚܝ		ܪܘܚܝܢ
	construct	ܪܘܚܝ		2nd person	ܪܘܚܝܟ	ܪܘܚܝܟܝ	ܪܘܚܝܟܘܢ	ܪܘܚܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܪܘܚܐ		3rd person	ܪܘܚܘܗܝ	ܪܘܚܝܗ	ܪܘܚܝܗܘܢ	ܪܘܚܝܗܝܢ

References

• “rwḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 29 May 2012
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 341a–b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 533b–534a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 1445b–1446a