ऊर्ध्व
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ঊৰ্ধ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬊᬃᬥ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
- ঊর্ধ্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰅𑰨𑰿𑰠𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀊𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ဦရ်္ဓွ (Burmese script)
- ઊર્ધ્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਊਰ੍ਧ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌊𑌰𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦈꦴꦂꦣ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂈𑂩𑂹𑂡𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಊರ್ಧ್ವ (Kannada script)
- ឩធ៌្វ (Khmer script)
- ອູຣ຺ຘ຺ວ (Lao script)
- ഊര്ധ്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᡠᡠᡵᢡᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘅𑘨𑘿𑘠𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠤᠤᠷᢑᠾᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦥𑧈𑧠𑧀𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐅𑐬𑑂𑐢𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଊର୍ଧ୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢇꢬ꣄ꢤ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆈𑆫𑇀𑆣𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖅𑖨𑖿𑖠𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ඌර්ධ්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩮 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚅𑚤𑚶𑚜𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஊர்த்⁴வ (Tamil script)
- ఊర్ధ్వ (Telugu script)
- อูรฺธฺว (Thai script)
- ཨཱུ་རྡྷྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒆𑒩𑓂𑒡𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨜𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *r̥Hdʰwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥Hdʰwás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós (“high, upright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós), Latin arduus, Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬡𐬀 (ərəδβa), Old Norse ǫrðugr (“steep”). Morphologically formed from the verbal root वर्धति (√vṛdh, “to grow, elevate”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá) stem
- rising or tending upwards, raised, elevated, erected, erect, upright, high, above
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.36.13:
- ऊर्ध्व ऊ षु ण ऊतये तिष्ठा देवो न सविता।
ऊर्ध्वो वाजस्य सनिता यदञ्जिभिर्वाघद्भिर्विह्वयामहे॥- ūrdhva ū ṣu ṇa ūtaye tiṣṭhā devo na savitā.
ūrdhvo vājasya sanitā yadañjibhirvāghadbhirvihvayāmahe. - Stand up erect to lend us aid, stand up like Savitar the God:
Erect as strength-bestower we call aloud, with unguents and with priests, on thee.
- ūrdhva ū ṣu ṇa ūtaye tiṣṭhā devo na savitā.
- ऊर्ध्व ऊ षु ण ऊतये तिष्ठा देवो न सविता।
Usage notes
In Classical Sanskrit occurring chiefly in compounds.
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ऊर्ध्व | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | ऊर्ध्वः (ūrdhvaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | ऊर्ध्वस्य (ūrdhvasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ऊर्ध्वः (ūrdhvaḥ) | ऊर्ध्वौ (ūrdhvau) | ऊर्ध्वाः (ūrdhvāḥ) |
Vocative | ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhva) | ऊर्ध्वौ (ūrdhvau) | ऊर्ध्वाः (ūrdhvāḥ) |
Accusative | ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) | ऊर्ध्वौ (ūrdhvau) | ऊर्ध्वान् (ūrdhvān) |
Instrumental | ऊर्ध्वेन (ūrdhvena) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वैः (ūrdhvaiḥ) |
Dative | ऊर्ध्वाय (ūrdhvāya) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः (ūrdhvebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | ऊर्ध्वात् (ūrdhvāt) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः (ūrdhvebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | ऊर्ध्वस्य (ūrdhvasya) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वानाम् (ūrdhvānām) |
Locative | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वेषु (ūrdhveṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of ऊर्ध्व | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | ऊर्ध्वा (ūrdhvā) | ||
Gen. sg. | ऊर्ध्वायाः (ūrdhvāyāḥ) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ऊर्ध्वा (ūrdhvā) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वाः (ūrdhvāḥ) |
Vocative | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वाः (ūrdhvāḥ) |
Accusative | ऊर्ध्वाम् (ūrdhvām) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वाः (ūrdhvāḥ) |
Instrumental | ऊर्ध्वया (ūrdhvayā) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वाभिः (ūrdhvābhiḥ) |
Dative | ऊर्ध्वायै (ūrdhvāyai) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्यः (ūrdhvābhyaḥ) |
Ablative | ऊर्ध्वायाः (ūrdhvāyāḥ) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्यः (ūrdhvābhyaḥ) |
Genitive | ऊर्ध्वायाः (ūrdhvāyāḥ) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वानाम् (ūrdhvānām) |
Locative | ऊर्ध्वायाम् (ūrdhvāyām) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वासु (ūrdhvāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of ऊर्ध्व | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) | ||
Gen. sg. | ऊर्ध्वस्य (ūrdhvasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वानि (ūrdhvāni) |
Vocative | ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhva) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वानि (ūrdhvāni) |
Accusative | ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वानि (ūrdhvāni) |
Instrumental | ऊर्ध्वेन (ūrdhvena) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वैः (ūrdhvaiḥ) |
Dative | ऊर्ध्वाय (ūrdhvāya) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः (ūrdhvebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | ऊर्ध्वात् (ūrdhvāt) | ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् (ūrdhvābhyām) | ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः (ūrdhvebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | ऊर्ध्वस्य (ūrdhvasya) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वानाम् (ūrdhvānām) |
Locative | ऊर्ध्वे (ūrdhve) | ऊर्ध्वयोः (ūrdhvayoḥ) | ऊर्ध्वेषु (ūrdhveṣu) |
Noun
ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá) stem, n
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ऊर्ध्वम् ūrdhvám |
ऊर्ध्वे ūrdhvé |
ऊर्ध्वानि / ऊर्ध्वा¹ ūrdhvā́ni / ūrdhvā́¹ |
Vocative | ऊर्ध्व ū́rdhva |
ऊर्ध्वे ū́rdhve |
ऊर्ध्वानि / ऊर्ध्वा¹ ū́rdhvāni / ū́rdhvā¹ |
Accusative | ऊर्ध्वम् ūrdhvám |
ऊर्ध्वे ūrdhvé |
ऊर्ध्वानि / ऊर्ध्वा¹ ūrdhvā́ni / ūrdhvā́¹ |
Instrumental | ऊर्ध्वेन ūrdhvéna |
ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् ūrdhvā́bhyām |
ऊर्ध्वैः / ऊर्ध्वेभिः¹ ūrdhvaíḥ / ūrdhvébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | ऊर्ध्वाय ūrdhvā́ya |
ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् ūrdhvā́bhyām |
ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः ūrdhvébhyaḥ |
Ablative | ऊर्ध्वात् ūrdhvā́t |
ऊर्ध्वाभ्याम् ūrdhvā́bhyām |
ऊर्ध्वेभ्यः ūrdhvébhyaḥ |
Genitive | ऊर्ध्वस्य ūrdhvásya |
ऊर्ध्वयोः ūrdhváyoḥ |
ऊर्ध्वानाम् ūrdhvā́nām |
Locative | ऊर्ध्वे ūrdhvé |
ऊर्ध्वयोः ūrdhváyoḥ |
ऊर्ध्वेषु ūrdhvéṣu |
Notes |
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Preposition
ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá)
- in the sequel, in the later part (e.g. of a book or manuscript; because in Sanskrit manuscripts the later leaves stand above), subsequent, after (with ablative)
- अत ऊर्ध्वम् (ata ūrdhvam), or इत ऊर्ध्वम् (ita ūrdhvam) — hence forward, from that time forward, after that passage, hereafter
- ऊर्ध्वं संवत्सरात् (ūrdhvaṃ saṃvatsarāt) — after a year
- ऊर्ध्वं देहात् (ūrdhvaṃ dehāt), — after life, after death
- after, after the death of (+ ablative)
- ऊर्ध्वं पितुः (ūrdhvaṃ pituḥ) — after the father's death
- in a high tone, aloud
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit prepositions