घृत
See also: घात
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ঘৃত (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঘৃত (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
- ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
- ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
- ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଘୃତ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
- க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
- ఘృత (Telugu script)
- ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
- གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Etymology tree
From घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Adjective
[edit]घृ॒त • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒तः (ghṛtáḥ) | घृ॒तौ (ghṛtáu) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) घृ॒तासः॑¹ (ghṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒तौ (ghṛtáu) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒तान् (ghṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तेन॑ (ghṛténa) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तैः (ghṛtáiḥ) घृ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृ॒ताय॑ (ghṛtā́ya) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तस्य॑ (ghṛtásya) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तेषु॑ (ghṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | घृत॑ (ghṛ́ta) | घृतौ॑ (ghṛ́tau) घृता॑¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
घृताः॑ (ghṛ́tāḥ) घृता॑सः¹ (ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒ता (ghṛtā́) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| accusative | घृ॒ताम् (ghṛtā́m) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तया॑ (ghṛtáyā) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभिः॑ (ghṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | घृ॒तायै॑ (ghṛtā́yai) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तायाः॑ (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृ॒तायै॑² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तायाः॑ (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृ॒तायै॑² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ताया॑म् (ghṛtā́yām) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तासु॑ (ghṛtā́su) |
| vocative | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृताः॑ (ghṛ́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तेन॑ (ghṛténa) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तैः (ghṛtáiḥ) घृ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृ॒ताय॑ (ghṛtā́ya) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तस्य॑ (ghṛtásya) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तेषु॑ (ghṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | घृत॑ (ghṛ́ta) | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृता॑नि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता॑¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
[edit]Etymology tree
From घृ (ghṛ, “to shine, burn”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Adjective
[edit]घृ॒त • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒तः (ghṛtáḥ) | घृ॒तौ (ghṛtáu) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) घृ॒तासः॑¹ (ghṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒तौ (ghṛtáu) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒तान् (ghṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तेन॑ (ghṛténa) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तैः (ghṛtáiḥ) घृ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृ॒ताय॑ (ghṛtā́ya) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तस्य॑ (ghṛtásya) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तेषु॑ (ghṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | घृत॑ (ghṛ́ta) | घृतौ॑ (ghṛ́tau) घृता॑¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
घृताः॑ (ghṛ́tāḥ) घृता॑सः¹ (ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒ता (ghṛtā́) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| accusative | घृ॒ताम् (ghṛtā́m) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒ताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तया॑ (ghṛtáyā) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभिः॑ (ghṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | घृ॒तायै॑ (ghṛtā́yai) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तायाः॑ (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृ॒तायै॑² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तायाः॑ (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृ॒तायै॑² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ताया॑म् (ghṛtā́yām) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तासु॑ (ghṛtā́su) |
| vocative | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृताः॑ (ghṛ́tāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तेन॑ (ghṛténa) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तैः (ghṛtáiḥ) घृ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृ॒ताय॑ (ghṛtā́ya) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तस्य॑ (ghṛtásya) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तेषु॑ (ghṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | घृत॑ (ghṛ́ta) | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृता॑नि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता॑¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
[edit]Etymology tree
Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”).[1] However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥-tós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).[2]
Noun
[edit]
घृ॒त • (ghṛtá) stem, n
- ghee
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.86.6:
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam. - The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.
- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
- fat
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| accusative | घृ॒तम् (ghṛtám) | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तानि॑ (ghṛtā́ni) घृ॒ता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृ॒तेन॑ (ghṛténa) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तैः (ghṛtáiḥ) घृ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृ॒ताय॑ (ghṛtā́ya) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृ॒तात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृ॒तस्य॑ (ghṛtásya) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒ताना॑म् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृ॒ते (ghṛté) | घृ॒तयोः॑ (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृ॒तेषु॑ (ghṛtéṣu) |
| vocative | घृत॑ (ghṛ́ta) | घृते॑ (ghṛ́te) | घृता॑नि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता॑¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
[edit]- सर्पिस् (sarpís)
Descendants
[edit]Descendants
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 212-3
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root घृ (wet)
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root घृ (shine)
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰer-
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Weather