धीर
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit धीर (dhīra).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱiːɾ/
- Rhymes: -iːɾ
Adjective
[edit]धीर • (dhīr)
References
[edit]- Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “धीर”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- “धीर”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “धीर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “धीर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “धीर”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘠𑘲𑘨 (dhīra), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀥𑀻𑀭 (dhīra), from Sanskrit धीर (dhīra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- encouragement, comfort, or reassurance given to someone in distress or grief
- steadfastness, patience, composure, or presence of mind in times of difficulty, danger, or adversity
Declension
[edit]| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative प्रथमा |
धीर dhīr |
धीर dhīr |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
धीरा dhīrā |
धीरां- dhīrā̃- |
| accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
धीराला dhīrālā |
धीरांना dhīrānnā |
| ergative | धीराने, धीरानं dhīrāne, dhīrāna |
धीरांनी dhīrānnī |
| instrumental | धीराशी dhīrāśī |
धीरांशी dhīrāuśī |
| locative सप्तमी |
धीरात dhīrāt |
धीरांत dhīrānta |
| vocative संबोधन |
धीरा dhīrā |
धीरांनो dhīrānno |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | |||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
धीराचा dhīrācā |
धीराचे dhīrāce |
धीराची dhīrācī |
धीराच्या dhīrācyā |
धीराचे, धीराचं dhīrāce, dhīrāca |
धीराची dhīrācī |
धीराच्या dhīrācyā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
धीरांचा dhīrāñcā |
धीरांचे dhīrāñce |
धीरांची dhīrāñcī |
धीरांच्या dhīrāñcyā |
धीरांचे, धीरांचं dhīrāñce, dhīrāñca |
धीरांची dhīrāñcī |
धीरांच्या dhīrāñcyā | |
References
[edit]More information
- ^ Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “धीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- ^ “धीर”, in अमरकोश मराठी शब्दकोश [Amarkosh Marathi Dictionary], 2014
- ^ Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “धीर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- ^ दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “धीर”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Further reading
[edit]- Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “धीर”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Adjective
[edit]धीर
- Devanagari script form of dhīra (“wise; firm”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "धीर" (masculine)
| Case / Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धीरो (dhīro) | धीरा (dhīrā) |
| Accusative (second) | धीरं (dhīraṃ) | धीरे (dhīre) |
| Instrumental (third) | धीरेन (dhīrena) | धीरेहि (dhīrehi) or धीरेभि (dhīrebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धीरस्स (dhīrassa) or धीराय (dhīrāya) or धीरत्थं (dhīratthaṃ) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धीरस्मा (dhīrasmā) or धीरम्हा (dhīramhā) or धीरा (dhīrā) | धीरेहि (dhīrehi) or धीरेभि (dhīrebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धीरस्स (dhīrassa) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धीरस्मिं (dhīrasmiṃ) or धीरम्हि (dhīramhi) or धीरे (dhīre) | धीरेसु (dhīresu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धीर (dhīra) | धीरा (dhīrā) |
Declension table of "धीरा" (feminine)
| Case / Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धीरा (dhīrā) | धीरायो (dhīrāyo) or धीरा (dhīrā) |
| Accusative (second) | धीरं (dhīraṃ) | धीरायो (dhīrāyo) or धीरा (dhīrā) |
| Instrumental (third) | धीराय (dhīrāya) | धीराहि (dhīrāhi) or धीराभि (dhīrābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धीराय (dhīrāya) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धीराय (dhīrāya) | धीराहि (dhīrāhi) or धीराभि (dhīrābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धीराय (dhīrāya) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धीराय (dhīrāya) or धीरायं (dhīrāyaṃ) | धीरासु (dhīrāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धीरे (dhīre) | धीरायो (dhīrāyo) or धीरा (dhīrā) |
Declension table of "धीर" (neuter)
| Case / Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | धीरं (dhīraṃ) | धीरानि (dhīrāni) |
| Accusative (second) | धीरं (dhīraṃ) | धीरानि (dhīrāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | धीरेन (dhīrena) | धीरेहि (dhīrehi) or धीरेभि (dhīrebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | धीरस्स (dhīrassa) or धीराय (dhīrāya) or धीरत्थं (dhīratthaṃ) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | धीरस्मा (dhīrasmā) or धीरम्हा (dhīramhā) or धीरा (dhīrā) | धीरेहि (dhīrehi) or धीरेभि (dhīrebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | धीरस्स (dhīrassa) | धीरानं (dhīrānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | धीरस्मिं (dhīrasmiṃ) or धीरम्हि (dhīramhi) or धीरे (dhīre) | धीरेसु (dhīresu) |
| Vocative (calling) | धीर (dhīra) | धीरानि (dhīrāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ধীৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬥᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
- ধীর (Bengali script)
- 𑰠𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀥𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဓီရ (Burmese script)
- ધીર (Gujarati script)
- ਧੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌧𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦣꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂡𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಧೀರ (Kannada script)
- ធីរ (Khmer script)
- ຘີຣ (Lao script)
- ധീര (Malayalam script)
- ᢡᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘠𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠾᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧀𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐢𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଧୀର (Odia script)
- ꢤꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆣𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖠𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ධීර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩮𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚜𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
- தீ⁴ர (Tamil script)
- ధీర (Telugu script)
- ธีร (Thai script)
- དྷཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒡𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨜𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the root धी (dhī, “to perceive, think”).[1] Later meanings "steady, etc." influenced by the root धृ (dhṛ, “to hold, to be firm”).[2]
Adjective
[edit]धीर॑ • (dhī́ra) stem
- intelligent, wise, skillful, clever
- (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya[3], Colombo, 2009:
- 8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ- 8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate - 8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below. - (literally, “8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools on the ground.”)
- 8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
- steady, constant, firm, resolute, brave, energetic, courageous, self-possessed, composed, calm, grave
- deep, low, dull (as sound)
- gentle, soft
- well-conducted, well-bred
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धीरः॑ (dhī́raḥ) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) धीरा॑सः¹ (dhī́rāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | धीर॑म् (dhī́ram) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीरा॑न् (dhī́rān) |
| instrumental | धीरे॑ण (dhī́reṇa) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरैः॑ (dhī́raiḥ) धीरे॑भिः¹ (dhī́rebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | धीरा॑य (dhī́rāya) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धीरा॑त् (dhī́rāt) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धीर॑स्य (dhī́rasya) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरा॑णाम् (dhī́rāṇām) |
| locative | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरे॑षु (dhī́reṣu) |
| vocative | धीर॑ (dhī́ra) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) धीरा॑सः¹ (dhī́rāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धीरा॑ (dhī́rā) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) |
| accusative | धीरा॑म् (dhī́rām) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) |
| instrumental | धीर॑या (dhī́rayā) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरा॑भिः (dhī́rābhiḥ) |
| dative | धीरा॑यै (dhī́rāyai) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरा॑भ्यः (dhī́rābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धीरा॑याः (dhī́rāyāḥ) धीरा॑यै² (dhī́rāyai²) |
धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरा॑भ्यः (dhī́rābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धीरा॑याः (dhī́rāyāḥ) धीरा॑यै² (dhī́rāyai²) |
धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरा॑णाम् (dhī́rāṇām) |
| locative | धीरा॑याम् (dhī́rāyām) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरा॑सु (dhī́rāsu) |
| vocative | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धी॒री (dhīrī́) | धी॒र्यौ॑ (dhīryàu) धी॒री¹ (dhīrī́¹) |
धी॒र्यः॑ (dhīryàḥ) धी॒रीः¹ (dhīrī́ḥ¹) |
| accusative | धी॒रीम् (dhīrī́m) | धी॒र्यौ॑ (dhīryàu) धी॒री¹ (dhīrī́¹) |
धी॒रीः (dhīrī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | धी॒र्या (dhīryā́) | धी॒रीभ्या॑म् (dhīrī́bhyām) | धी॒रीभिः॑ (dhīrī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | धी॒र्यै (dhīryái) | धी॒रीभ्या॑म् (dhīrī́bhyām) | धी॒रीभ्यः॑ (dhīrī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धी॒र्याः (dhīryā́ḥ) धी॒र्यै² (dhīryái²) |
धी॒रीभ्या॑म् (dhīrī́bhyām) | धी॒रीभ्यः॑ (dhīrī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धी॒र्याः (dhīryā́ḥ) धी॒र्यै² (dhīryái²) |
धी॒र्योः (dhīryóḥ) | धी॒रीणा॑म् (dhīrī́ṇām) धी॒री॒णाम्³ (dhīrīṇā́m³) |
| locative | धी॒र्याम् (dhīryā́m) | धी॒र्योः (dhīryóḥ) | धी॒रीषु॑ (dhīrī́ṣu) |
| vocative | धीरि॑ (dhī́ri) | धीर्यौ॑ (dhī́ryau) धीरी॑¹ (dhī́rī¹) |
धीर्यः॑ (dhī́ryaḥ) धीरीः॑¹ (dhī́rīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
- ³Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धीर॑म् (dhī́ram) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीरा॑णि (dhī́rāṇi) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
| accusative | धीर॑म् (dhī́ram) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीरा॑णि (dhī́rāṇi) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
| instrumental | धीरे॑ण (dhī́reṇa) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरैः॑ (dhī́raiḥ) धीरे॑भिः¹ (dhī́rebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | धीरा॑य (dhī́rāya) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धीरा॑त् (dhī́rāt) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धीर॑स्य (dhī́rasya) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरा॑णाम् (dhī́rāṇām) |
| locative | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरे॑षु (dhī́reṣu) |
| vocative | धीर॑ (dhī́ra) | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीरा॑णि (dhī́rāṇi) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- Punjabi: ਧੀਰਾ (dhīrā)
Etymology 2
[edit]From 'Etymology 1' (the ocean as an image of constancy)?
Noun
[edit]धीर॑ • (dhī́ra) stem, m
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धीरः॑ (dhī́raḥ) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) धीरा॑सः¹ (dhī́rāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | धीर॑म् (dhī́ram) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीरा॑न् (dhī́rān) |
| instrumental | धीरे॑ण (dhī́reṇa) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरैः॑ (dhī́raiḥ) धीरे॑भिः¹ (dhī́rebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | धीरा॑य (dhī́rāya) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धीरा॑त् (dhī́rāt) | धीरा॑भ्याम् (dhī́rābhyām) | धीरे॑भ्यः (dhī́rebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धीर॑स्य (dhī́rasya) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरा॑णाम् (dhī́rāṇām) |
| locative | धीरे॑ (dhī́re) | धीर॑योः (dhī́rayoḥ) | धीरे॑षु (dhī́reṣu) |
| vocative | धीर॑ (dhī́ra) | धीरौ॑ (dhī́rau) धीरा॑¹ (dhī́rā¹) |
धीराः॑ (dhī́rāḥ) धीरा॑सः¹ (dhī́rāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]धीर • (dhīra) stem, n
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | धीरम् (dhīram) | धीरे (dhīre) | धीराणि (dhīrāṇi) धीरा¹ (dhīrā¹) |
| accusative | धीरम् (dhīram) | धीरे (dhīre) | धीराणि (dhīrāṇi) धीरा¹ (dhīrā¹) |
| instrumental | धीरेण (dhīreṇa) | धीराभ्याम् (dhīrābhyām) | धीरैः (dhīraiḥ) धीरेभिः¹ (dhīrebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | धीराय (dhīrāya) | धीराभ्याम् (dhīrābhyām) | धीरेभ्यः (dhīrebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | धीरात् (dhīrāt) | धीराभ्याम् (dhīrābhyām) | धीरेभ्यः (dhīrebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | धीरस्य (dhīrasya) | धीरयोः (dhīrayoḥ) | धीराणाम् (dhīrāṇām) |
| locative | धीरे (dhīre) | धीरयोः (dhīrayoḥ) | धीरेषु (dhīreṣu) |
| vocative | धीर (dhīra) | धीरे (dhīre) | धीराणि (dhīrāṇi) धीरा¹ (dhīrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “DHAYI²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 777
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “dhīra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 278
- Monier Williams (1899), “धीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 517, column 1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “dhīra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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