निर्वाण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).

Adjective

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) (indeclinable)

1. extinguished, blown out

Noun

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) m

1. (Buddhism) nirvana

Declension

Declension of निर्वाण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाण nirvāṇ
oblique	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाणों nirvāṇõ
vocative	निर्वाण nirvāṇ	निर्वाणो nirvāṇo

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ᬦᬶᬃᬯᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
• নিৰ্ৱাণ (Assamese script)
• নির্বাণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
• નિર્વાણ (Gujarati script)
• ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
• និវ៌ាណ (Khmer script)
• ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (Kannada script)
• ນິຣ຺ວາຓ (Lao script)
• നിര്വാണ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠ᠋᠎ᠠᢏ (Mongolian script)
• နိရွာဏ (Burmese script)
• 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
• ନିର୍ଵାଣ (Oriya script)
• ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢮꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
• නිර්වාණ (Sinhalese script)
• నిర్వాణ (Telugu script)
• นิรฺวาณ (Thai script)
• ནིརྭཱཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From निस् (nis, “out”) +‎ वान (vāna, “blown”), past participle of वा (√vā, “to blow”). Cognates of वा (√vā) include Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), English weather, athlete, vent and wind.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /n̪iɾˈʋɑː.ɳɐ/

Noun

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) n (Classical Sanskrit)

1. blowing out, extinction, cessation, setting, vanishing, disappearance

   निर्वाणं कृ ― nirvāṇaṃ √kṛ ― to blow out, extinguish

2. (Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit
3. (Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions
4. (figuratively) perfect calm or repose or happiness, highest bliss or beatitude

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of निर्वाण (nirvāṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam	निर्वाणे nirvāṇe	निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹
Vocative	निर्वाण nirvāṇa	निर्वाणे nirvāṇe	निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹
Accusative	निर्वाणम् nirvāṇam	निर्वाणे nirvāṇe	निर्वाणानि / निर्वाणा¹ nirvāṇāni / nirvāṇā¹
Instrumental	निर्वाणेन nirvāṇena	निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām	निर्वाणैः / निर्वाणेभिः¹ nirvāṇaiḥ / nirvāṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	निर्वाणाय nirvāṇāya	निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām	निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	निर्वाणात् nirvāṇāt	निर्वाणाभ्याम् nirvāṇābhyām	निर्वाणेभ्यः nirvāṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	निर्वाणस्य nirvāṇasya	निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ	निर्वाणानाम् nirvāṇānām
Locative	निर्वाणे nirvāṇe	निर्वाणयोः nirvāṇayoḥ	निर्वाणेषु nirvāṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Central:
  • Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)
  • Marathi: निवाण (nivāṇ, “cooling application for eyes”), निवाणें (nivāṇẽ, “destruction”), निव्णें (nivṇẽ, “hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool”)
• Pali: nibbāna
  • → Burmese: နိဗ္ဗာန် (nibban)
  • → Khmer: និព្វាន (nɨppiən)
  • → Lao: ນິພານ (ni phān)
  • → Thai: นิพพาน (níp-paan)
• → Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)
• → Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)
  • → Japanese: 涅槃 (nehan)
  • → Korean: 열반 (yeolban)
  • → Vietnamese: niết bàn
• → English: nirvana
• → Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)
• → Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
• → Indonesian: nirwana
• → Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)
• → Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
• → Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)

Adjective

निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa)

1. blown or put out, extinguished (as a lamp or fire), set (as the sun), calmed, quieted, tamed, dead, deceased (lit. having the fire of life extinguished), lost, disappeared
2. immersed, plunged
3. immovable

References

• Collins, Steven (2010) Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative. Cambridge University Press, pages 63-64.
• Monier Williams (1899), “निर्वाण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0557.