मुष्क

See also: मूषक and मूषिक

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মুষ্ক (Assamese script)
ᬫᬸᬱ᭄ᬓ (Balinese script)
মুষ্ক (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀓 (Brahmi script)
မုၑ္က (Burmese script)
મુષ્ક (Gujarati script)
ਮੁਸ਼੍ਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦸꦰ꧀ꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂳𑂭𑂹𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಮುಷ್ಕ (Kannada script)
មុឞ្ក (Khmer script)
ມຸຩ຺ກ (Lao script)
മുഷ്ക (Malayalam script)
ᠮᡠᢢᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠮᠤᢔᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐎 (Newa script)
ମୁଷ୍କ (Odia script)
ꢪꢸꢰ꣄ꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖎 (Siddham script)
මුෂ‍්ක (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚰𑚶𑚊 (Takri script)
முஷ்க (Tamil script)
ముష్క (Telugu script)
มุษฺก (Thai script)
མུ་ཥྐ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *muškas, which is traditionally derived synchronically from मूष् (mūṣ, “mouse”) +‎ -क (-ka, diminutive suffix), the shape of human testicles being compared to mice. A similar usage of "mouse" to describe a body part is also found in Latin mūsculus (“muscle”).^[1]^[2] However, Lubotsky is skeptical of this derivation due to the short u vowel in मुष्क (muṣka) implying the lack of a laryngeal, as opposed to the long ū in मूष् (mūṣ), and leaves the origin open.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /muʂ.kɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /muʂ.kɐ/

Noun

मु॒ष्क • (muṣká) stem, m

testicle, scrotum
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
(dual number) pudenda muliebria
(dubious) an arm
a muscular or stout person
a thief
a crowd, heap, multitude

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मु॒ष्क
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मु॒ष्कः (muṣkáḥ)	मु॒ष्कौ (muṣkáu) मु॒ष्का¹ (muṣkā́¹)	मु॒ष्काः (muṣkā́ḥ) मु॒ष्कासः॑¹ (muṣkā́saḥ¹)
accusative	मु॒ष्कम् (muṣkám)	मु॒ष्कौ (muṣkáu) मु॒ष्का¹ (muṣkā́¹)	मु॒ष्कान् (muṣkā́n)
instrumental	मु॒ष्केण॑ (muṣkéṇa)	मु॒ष्काभ्या॑म् (muṣkā́bhyām)	मु॒ष्कैः (muṣkáiḥ) मु॒ष्केभिः॑¹ (muṣkébhiḥ¹)
dative	मु॒ष्काय॑ (muṣkā́ya)	मु॒ष्काभ्या॑म् (muṣkā́bhyām)	मु॒ष्केभ्यः॑ (muṣkébhyaḥ)
ablative	मु॒ष्कात् (muṣkā́t)	मु॒ष्काभ्या॑म् (muṣkā́bhyām)	मु॒ष्केभ्यः॑ (muṣkébhyaḥ)
genitive	मु॒ष्कस्य॑ (muṣkásya)	मु॒ष्कयोः॑ (muṣkáyoḥ)	मु॒ष्काणा॑म् (muṣkā́ṇām)
locative	मु॒ष्के (muṣké)	मु॒ष्कयोः॑ (muṣkáyoḥ)	मु॒ष्केषु॑ (muṣkéṣu)
vocative	मुष्क॑ (múṣka)	मुष्कौ॑ (múṣkau) मुष्का॑¹ (múṣkā¹)	मुष्काः॑ (múṣkāḥ) मुष्का॑सः¹ (múṣkāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: muṣk, muṣ
→ Middle Persian: mwšk' (mušk)
- Persian: مشک (mošk)
  - → Arabic: مسك (misk), مَسْكَة (maska)
    - Andalusian Arabic: مِسْك
      - → Catalan: mesc, almesc
      - → Spanish: almizcle
        → Tagalog: almiskle
      - → Portuguese: almíscar
    - Gulf Arabic: مسك (misk)
    - → Northern Kurdish: misk
    - → Turkish: misk, mis
  - → Urdu: مشک (muśk)
- → Ancient Greek: μόσχος (móskhos)
  - Greek: μόσχος (móschos)
    - → Romanian: mosc
  - → Late Latin: muscus (see there for further descendants)
  - → Translingual: Moschus
→ Old Armenian: մուշկ (mušk) (via an Iranian language)
- Armenian: մուշկ (mušk)
→ Telugu: ముష్కము (muṣkamu)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “muṣká-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 363
^ Webster's New World College Dictionary, Cleveland, Ohio: Wiley Publishing Inc., 1953
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “mus·ká-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 319