शिव
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
शिव • (śiv) m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- শিৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬶᬯ (Balinese script)
- শিব (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰰𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀺𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ၐိဝ (Burmese script)
- શિવ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਿਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌿𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦶꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂱𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಿವ (Kannada script)
- ឝិវ (Khmer script)
- ຨິວ (Lao script)
- ശിവ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘱𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠢᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧒𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐶𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଶିଵ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢶꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆴𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖰𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ශිව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩑𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚮𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஶிவ (Tamil script)
- శివ (Telugu script)
- ศิว (Thai script)
- ཤི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒱𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨁𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सु-शिश्वि (su-śiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śivá, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.
Pronunciation
Proper noun
शिव • (śivá) stem, m
- (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.926.19:
- ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥- tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.
jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.
- tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.
- ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
- Synonyms: रुद्र (rudra), काल (kāla), महेश्वर (maheśvara), महादेव (mahādeva), विश्वनाथन् (viśvanāthan)
- a second Shiva; especially emancipated; a class of such Brahmans
- (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
- a male given name
Derived terms
Adjective
शिव • (śivá) stem
- auspicious, favourable
- शिवम् ― śivám ― kindly, tenderly'
- happy, fortunate
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of शिव | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | शिवः (śivaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | शिवस्य (śivasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शिवः (śivaḥ) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Vocative | शिव (śiva) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Accusative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवान् (śivān) |
Instrumental | शिवेन (śivena) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवैः (śivaiḥ) |
Dative | शिवाय (śivāya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | शिवात् (śivāt) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | शिवस्य (śivasya) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivānām) |
Locative | शिवे (śive) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवेषु (śiveṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of शिव | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | शिवा (śivā) | ||
Gen. sg. | शिवायाः (śivāyāḥ) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शिवा (śivā) | शिवे (śive) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Vocative | शिवे (śive) | शिवे (śive) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Accusative | शिवाम् (śivām) | शिवे (śive) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Instrumental | शिवया (śivayā) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवाभिः (śivābhiḥ) |
Dative | शिवायै (śivāyai) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवाभ्यः (śivābhyaḥ) |
Ablative | शिवायाः (śivāyāḥ) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवाभ्यः (śivābhyaḥ) |
Genitive | शिवायाः (śivāyāḥ) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivānām) |
Locative | शिवायाम् (śivāyām) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवासु (śivāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of शिव | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | शिवम् (śivam) | ||
Gen. sg. | शिवस्य (śivasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Vocative | शिव (śiva) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Accusative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Instrumental | शिवेन (śivena) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवैः (śivaiḥ) |
Dative | शिवाय (śivāya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | शिवात् (śivāt) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | शिवस्य (śivasya) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivānām) |
Locative | शिवे (śive) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवेषु (śiveṣu) |
Noun
शिव • (śivá) stem, m or n
- m happiness, welfare
- m liberation, final emancipation
- n welfare, prosperity, bliss
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of शिव | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | शिवः (śivaḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | शिवस्य (śivasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शिवः (śivaḥ) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Vocative | शिव (śiva) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवाः (śivāḥ) |
Accusative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवौ (śivau) | शिवान् (śivān) |
Instrumental | शिवेन (śivena) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवैः (śivaiḥ) |
Dative | शिवाय (śivāya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | शिवात् (śivāt) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | शिवस्य (śivasya) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivānām) |
Locative | शिवे (śive) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवेषु (śiveṣu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of शिव | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | शिवम् (śivam) | ||
Gen. sg. | शिवस्य (śivasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Vocative | शिव (śiva) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Accusative | शिवम् (śivam) | शिवे (śive) | शिवानि (śivāni) |
Instrumental | शिवेन (śivena) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवैः (śivaiḥ) |
Dative | शिवाय (śivāya) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | शिवात् (śivāt) | शिवाभ्याम् (śivābhyām) | शिवेभ्यः (śivebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | शिवस्य (śivasya) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवानाम् (śivānām) |
Locative | शिवे (śive) | शिवयोः (śivayoḥ) | शिवेषु (śiveṣu) |
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “शिव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1074.
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
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