श्याव

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শ্যাৱ (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬬᬵᬯ (Balinese script)
• শ্যাব (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• ၐျာဝ (Burmese script)
• શ્યાવ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਯਾਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦾꦴꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ಯಾವ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្យាវ (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ຍາວ (Lao script)
• ശ്യാവ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧇𑧑𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ଯାଵ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢫꢵꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖪 (Siddham script)
• ශ්‍යාව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚦 (Takri script)
• ஶ்யாவ (Tamil script)
• శ్యావ (Telugu script)
• ศฺยาว (Thai script)
• ཤྱཱ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHwás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-wó-s (“dark; deep brown”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Persian سیاه (siyâh, “black”), Russian сивый (sivyj, “grey”), Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old English hīew (whence English hue).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕjɑː.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕjɑː.ʋɐ/

Adjective

श्या॒व • (śyāvá) stem

1. dark
2. dark brown, (deep) brown, dark-colored
3. (said of chariots, Vedic) drawn by brown or bay horses
4. pungent and sweet and sour

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्या॒व

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	श्या॒वः (śyāváḥ)	श्या॒वौ (śyāváu) श्या॒वा¹ (śyāvā́¹)	श्या॒वाः (śyāvā́ḥ) श्या॒वासः॑¹ (śyāvā́saḥ¹)
accusative	श्या॒वम् (śyāvám)	श्या॒वौ (śyāváu) श्या॒वा¹ (śyāvā́¹)	श्या॒वान् (śyāvā́n)
instrumental	श्या॒वेन॑ (śyāvéna)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वैः (śyāváiḥ) श्या॒वेभिः॑¹ (śyāvébhiḥ¹)
dative	श्या॒वाय॑ (śyāvā́ya)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वेभ्यः॑ (śyāvébhyaḥ)
ablative	श्या॒वात् (śyāvā́t)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वेभ्यः॑ (śyāvébhyaḥ)
genitive	श्या॒वस्य॑ (śyāvásya)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वाना॑म् (śyāvā́nām)
locative	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वेषु॑ (śyāvéṣu)
vocative	श्याव॑ (śyā́va)	श्यावौ॑ (śyā́vau) श्यावा॑¹ (śyā́vā¹)	श्यावाः॑ (śyā́vāḥ) श्यावा॑सः¹ (śyā́vāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of श्या॒वा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	श्या॒वा (śyāvā́)	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वाः (śyāvā́ḥ)
accusative	श्या॒वाम् (śyāvā́m)	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वाः (śyāvā́ḥ)
instrumental	श्या॒वया॑ (śyāváyā) श्या॒वा¹ (śyāvā́¹)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वाभिः॑ (śyāvā́bhiḥ)
dative	श्या॒वायै॑ (śyāvā́yai)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वाभ्यः॑ (śyāvā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	श्या॒वायाः॑ (śyāvā́yāḥ) श्या॒वायै॑² (śyāvā́yai²)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वाभ्यः॑ (śyāvā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	श्या॒वायाः॑ (śyāvā́yāḥ) श्या॒वायै॑² (śyāvā́yai²)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वाना॑म् (śyāvā́nām)
locative	श्या॒वाया॑म् (śyāvā́yām)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वासु॑ (śyāvā́su)
vocative	श्यावे॑ (śyā́ve)	श्यावे॑ (śyā́ve)	श्यावाः॑ (śyā́vāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of श्या॒व

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	श्या॒वम् (śyāvám)	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वानि॑ (śyāvā́ni) श्या॒वा¹ (śyāvā́¹)
accusative	श्या॒वम् (śyāvám)	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वानि॑ (śyāvā́ni) श्या॒वा¹ (śyāvā́¹)
instrumental	श्या॒वेन॑ (śyāvéna)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वैः (śyāváiḥ) श्या॒वेभिः॑¹ (śyāvébhiḥ¹)
dative	श्या॒वाय॑ (śyāvā́ya)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वेभ्यः॑ (śyāvébhyaḥ)
ablative	श्या॒वात् (śyāvā́t)	श्या॒वाभ्या॑म् (śyāvā́bhyām)	श्या॒वेभ्यः॑ (śyāvébhyaḥ)
genitive	श्या॒वस्य॑ (śyāvásya)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वाना॑म् (śyāvā́nām)
locative	श्या॒वे (śyāvé)	श्या॒वयोः॑ (śyāváyoḥ)	श्या॒वेषु॑ (śyāvéṣu)
vocative	श्याव॑ (śyā́va)	श्यावे॑ (śyā́ve)	श्यावा॑नि (śyā́vāni) श्यावा॑¹ (śyā́vā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Khowar: ݰا (ṣa)
• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Vracada Apabhramsa:
    • Sindhi: سائو (sāo) / साओ (sāo, “green”)

Noun

श्याव • (śyāva) stem, m

1. a brown horse
2. brown (the color)
3. a particular disease of the outer ear
4. pungent and sweet and sour taste

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्याव

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	श्यावः (śyāvaḥ)	श्यावौ (śyāvau) श्यावा¹ (śyāvā¹)	श्यावाः (śyāvāḥ) श्यावासः¹ (śyāvāsaḥ¹)
accusative	श्यावम् (śyāvam)	श्यावौ (śyāvau) श्यावा¹ (śyāvā¹)	श्यावान् (śyāvān)
instrumental	श्यावेन (śyāvena)	श्यावाभ्याम् (śyāvābhyām)	श्यावैः (śyāvaiḥ) श्यावेभिः¹ (śyāvebhiḥ¹)
dative	श्यावाय (śyāvāya)	श्यावाभ्याम् (śyāvābhyām)	श्यावेभ्यः (śyāvebhyaḥ)
ablative	श्यावात् (śyāvāt)	श्यावाभ्याम् (śyāvābhyām)	श्यावेभ्यः (śyāvebhyaḥ)
genitive	श्यावस्य (śyāvasya)	श्यावयोः (śyāvayoḥ)	श्यावानाम् (śyāvānām)
locative	श्यावे (śyāve)	श्यावयोः (śyāvayoḥ)	श्यावेषु (śyāveṣu)
vocative	श्याव (śyāva)	श्यावौ (śyāvau) श्यावा¹ (śyāvā¹)	श्यावाः (śyāvāḥ) श्यावासः¹ (śyāvāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “श्याव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1095/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 661