संकट

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संकट (saṃkaṭa), which is possibly a sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan (e.g. Prakrit संकड (saṃkaḍa, “narrow”)), from Sanskrit *सं-कृत (*saṃ-kṛta, “narrowed”), from the root संकृ (saṃ-kṛ, “to put together”). Compare विकट (vikaṭa, “large”), निकट (nikaṭa, “near”), प्रकट (prakaṭa, “obvious”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /səŋ.kəʈ/, [sɐ̃ŋ.kɐʈ]

Noun

संकट • (saṅkaṭ) m

crisis (a large-scale emergency)
Synonym: मुसीबत (musībat)
calamity, disaster
Synonyms: आपदा (āpdā), विपत्ति (vipatti), आफ़त (āfat)
danger, hazard
Synonyms: ख़तरा (xatrā), आशंका (āśaṅkā)

Declension

Declension of *संकट* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	संकट saṅkaṭ	संकट saṅkaṭ
oblique	संकट saṅkaṭ	संकटों saṅkaṭõ
vocative	संकट saṅkaṭ	संकटो saṅkaṭo

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “saṃkaṭa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 501

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संकट (saṃkaṭa), which is possibly a sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan (e.g. Prakrit संकड (saṃkaḍa, “narrow”)), from Sanskrit *सं-कृत (*saṃ-kṛta, “narrowed”), from the root संकृ (saṃ-kṛ, “to put together”). Compare विकट (vikaṭa, “large”), निकट (nikaṭa, “near”), प्रकट (prakaṭa, “obvious”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /səŋ.kəʈ/

Noun

संकट • (saṅkaṭ) n

calamity, crisis, adversity
Synonym: विपत्ती (vipattī)
hazard, danger
Synonym: धोका (dhokā)
narrow, strait, contracted
Synonym: अरुंद (arunda)

Declension

Declension of संकट (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	संकट saṅkaṭ
direct plural	संकटे, संकटं saṅkaṭe, saṅkṭa
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	संकट saṅkaṭ	संकटे, संकटं saṅkaṭe, saṅkṭa
oblique सामान्यरूप	संकटा saṅkaṭā	संकटां- saṅkaṭān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	संकटाला saṅkaṭālā	संकटांना saṅkaṭānnā
ergative	संकटाने, संकटानं saṅkaṭāne, saṅkaṭāna	संकटांनी saṅkaṭānnī
instrumental	संकटाशी saṅkaṭāśī	संकटांशी saṅkaṭānśī
locative सप्तमी	संकटात saṅkaṭāt	संकटांत saṅkaṭāt
vocative संबोधन	संकटा saṅkaṭā	संकटांनो saṅkaṭānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of संकट (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	संकटाचा saṅkaṭāċā	संकटाचे saṅkaṭāċe	संकटाची saṅkaṭācī	संकटाच्या saṅkaṭācā	संकटाचे, संकटाचं saṅkaṭāċe, saṅkaṭāċa	संकटाची saṅkaṭācī	संकटाच्या saṅkaṭācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	संकटांचा saṅkaṭānċā	संकटांचे saṅkaṭānċe	संकटांची saṅkaṭāñcī	संकटांच्या saṅkaṭāncā	संकटांचे, संकटांचं saṅkaṭānċe, saṅkaṭānċa	संकटांची saṅkaṭāñcī	संकटांच्या saṅkaṭāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “संकट”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “संकट”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “saṃkaṭa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 501

Old Awadhi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संकट (saṃkaṭa), which is possibly a sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan (e.g. Prakrit संकड (saṃkaḍa, “narrow”)), from Sanskrit *सं-कृत (*saṃ-kṛta, “narrowed”), from the root संकृ (saṃ-kṛ, “to put together”). Compare विकट (vikaṭa, “large”), निकट (nikaṭa, “near”), प्रकट (prakaṭa, “obvious”).^[1]

Noun

संकट (saṃkaṭa)

a crisis, calamity, disaster
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak:
  यह संकट काहु सों जात न टारो
  yaha saṃkaṭa kāhu soṃ jāta na ṭāro
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “saṃkaṭa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 501

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সংকট (Assamese script)
ᬲᬂᬓᬝ (Balinese script)
সংকট (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰽𑰎𑰘 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀝 (Brahmi script)
သံကဋ (Burmese script)
સંકટ (Gujarati script)
ਸਂਕਟ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌂𑌕𑌟 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦁꦏꦛ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂁𑂍𑂗 (Kaithi script)
ಸಂಕಟ (Kannada script)
សំកដ (Khmer script)
ສໍກຏ (Lao script)
സംകട (Malayalam script)
ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᠠᡬᠠᢞᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘽𑘎𑘘 (Modi script)
ᢀ᠋ᠰᠠᢉᠠᢌᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧞𑦮𑦸 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑑄𑐎𑐚 (Newa script)
ସଂକଟ (Odia script)
ꢱꢀꢒꢜ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆁𑆑𑆛 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖽𑖎𑖘 (Siddham script)
සංකට (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑪖𑩜𑩦 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚫𑚊𑚔 (Takri script)
ஸஂகட (Tamil script)
సంకట (Telugu script)
สํกฏ (Thai script)
སཾ་ཀ་ཊ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑓀𑒏𑒙 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨸𑨋𑨔 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Possibly a sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan (e.g. Prakrit संकड (saṃkaḍa, “narrow”)), from Sanskrit *सं-कृत (*saṃ-kṛta, “narrowed”), from the root संकृ (saṃ-kṛ, “to put together”). Compare विकट (vikaṭa, “large”), निकट (nikaṭa, “near”), प्रकट (prakaṭa, “obvious”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐŋ.kɐ.ʈɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐŋ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

Adjective

संकट • (saṃkaṭa) stem

brought together, contracted, closed, narrow, strait
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
crowded together, dense, impervious, impassable
dangerous, critical
(at the end of a compound) crowded with, full of

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of संकट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संकटः (saṃkaṭaḥ)	संकटौ (saṃkaṭau)	संकटाः (saṃkaṭāḥ)
accusative	संकटम् (saṃkaṭam)	संकटौ (saṃkaṭau)	संकटान् (saṃkaṭān)
instrumental	संकटेन (saṃkaṭena)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटैः (saṃkaṭaiḥ)
dative	संकटाय (saṃkaṭāya)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
ablative	संकटात् (saṃkaṭāt)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
genitive	संकटस्य (saṃkaṭasya)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटानाम् (saṃkaṭānām)
locative	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटेषु (saṃkaṭeṣu)
vocative	संकट (saṃkaṭa)	संकटौ (saṃkaṭau)	संकटाः (saṃkaṭāḥ)

Feminine ā-stem declension of संकटा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संकटा (saṃkaṭā)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटाः (saṃkaṭāḥ)
accusative	संकटाम् (saṃkaṭām)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटाः (saṃkaṭāḥ)
instrumental	संकटया (saṃkaṭayā)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटाभिः (saṃkaṭābhiḥ)
dative	संकटायै (saṃkaṭāyai)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटाभ्यः (saṃkaṭābhyaḥ)
ablative	संकटायाः (saṃkaṭāyāḥ)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटाभ्यः (saṃkaṭābhyaḥ)
genitive	संकटायाः (saṃkaṭāyāḥ)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटानाम् (saṃkaṭānām)
locative	संकटायाम् (saṃkaṭāyām)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटासु (saṃkaṭāsu)
vocative	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटाः (saṃkaṭāḥ)

Neuter a-stem declension of संकट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संकटम् (saṃkaṭam)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)
accusative	संकटम् (saṃkaṭam)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)
instrumental	संकटेन (saṃkaṭena)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटैः (saṃkaṭaiḥ)
dative	संकटाय (saṃkaṭāya)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
ablative	संकटात् (saṃkaṭāt)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
genitive	संकटस्य (saṃkaṭasya)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटानाम् (saṃkaṭānām)
locative	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटेषु (saṃkaṭeṣu)
vocative	संकट (saṃkaṭa)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)

Noun

संकट • (saṃkaṭa) stem, n

a narrow passage, strait, defile, pass
a difficulty, critical condition
(in compound) danger to or from
प्राणसंकट ― prāṇasaṃkaṭa ― danger to life

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of संकट
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संकटम् (saṃkaṭam)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)
accusative	संकटम् (saṃkaṭam)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)
instrumental	संकटेन (saṃkaṭena)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटैः (saṃkaṭaiḥ)
dative	संकटाय (saṃkaṭāya)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
ablative	संकटात् (saṃkaṭāt)	संकटाभ्याम् (saṃkaṭābhyām)	संकटेभ्यः (saṃkaṭebhyaḥ)
genitive	संकटस्य (saṃkaṭasya)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटानाम् (saṃkaṭānām)
locative	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटयोः (saṃkaṭayoḥ)	संकटेषु (saṃkaṭeṣu)
vocative	संकट (saṃkaṭa)	संकटे (saṃkaṭe)	संकटानि (saṃkaṭāni)

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟𑀺𑀅 (saṃkaḍia)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: सँकड़ा (sãkṛā), सँकरा (sãkrā), सकरा (sakrā), साँकर (sā̃kar)
    - Urdu: سنکڑا (sãkṛā), سانکر (sā̃kar)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Kumaoni: साँगुड़ो (sā̃guṛo)
  - Nepali: साँगुरो (sā̃guro)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: सांकड (sāṅkaḍ), सांकडे (sāṅkḍe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Old Gujarati: सांकडउ (sāṃkaḍaü)
    - Gujarati: સાંકડું (sā̃kḍũ)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001), “saṃkaṭa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[4] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 501

Hindi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Marathi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Old Awadhi

Etymology

Noun

References

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Further reading