सुन्दर
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Hindi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Sanskrit सुन्दर (sundara).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
सुन्दर • (sundar) (indeclinable)
- Alternative spelling of सुंदर (sundar)
Nepali[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Sanskrit सुन्दर (sundara).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
सुन्दर • (sundar)
Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative scripts
- সুন্দৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬸᬦ᭄ᬤᬭ (Balinese script)
- সুন্দর (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰲𑰡𑰿𑰟𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- သုန္ဒရ (Burmese script)
- સુન્દર (Gujarati script)
- ਸੁਨ੍ਦਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍁𑌨𑍍𑌦𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂳𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಸುನ್ದರ (Kannada script)
- សុន្ទរ (Khmer script)
- ສຸນ຺ທຣ (Lao script)
- സുന്ദര (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡠᠨᡩᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘳𑘡𑘿𑘟𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠤᠨᢑᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧔𑧁𑧠𑦿𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐬 (Newa script)
- ସୁନ୍ଦର (Odia script)
- ꢱꢸꢥ꣄ꢣꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆶𑆤𑇀𑆢𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖲𑖡𑖿𑖟𑖨 (Siddham script)
- සුන්දර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩒𑩯 𑪙𑩭𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚰𑚝𑚶𑚛𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஸுந்த³ர (Tamil script)
- సున్దర (Telugu script)
- สุนฺทร (Thai script)
- སུ་ནྡ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒳𑒢𑓂𑒠𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨃𑨝𑩇𑨛𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology[edit]
From earlier *sūnara, from सूनर (sū-nára, “liberal (of goods); spirited (of persons)”), with non-etymological medial plosive (-d-). The lengthened ū was an effect of the second laryngeal (*H) in the etymon Proto-Indo-Iranian *HsuHnaras, a compound meaning something like "possessing or having good manpower", and composed of *Hsu- (“good”) + *Hnā́ (“manpower, man”), making it an etymological match of Ancient Greek Εὔανδρος (Eúandros) (English Evander); synchronical analysis of the word from its roots gives a compound of सु- (su-) + नर (nara), and the lengthened ū was probably shortened in regards with the first element. Further cognates include Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬀 (hunara, “proficiency”) and Persian هنر (honar, “art”). For another example of addition of a medial plosive after a nasal, compare वानर (vānara, “monkey”) and its variant *वान्दर (vāndara).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
सुन्दर • (sundara)
- beautiful, handsome, lovely, charming (MBh., Kāv. etc.)
- Mahābhārata, Book IV, 14.30:
- ahaṃ ca te, sundari, dāsavat sthitaḥ
- sadā bhaviṣye vaśa|go, var’|ānane.
- I, too, stand before you as a slave and I will always be obedient, bewitching, lovely-faced lady.
- Mahābhārata, Book IV, 14.30:
- noble (Subh.)
Declension[edit]
| Masculine a-stem declension of सुन्दर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ) |
| Vocative | सुन्दर (sundara) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ) |
| Accusative | सुन्दरम् (sundaram) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दरान् (sundarān) |
| Instrumental | सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ) |
| Dative | सुन्दराय (sundarāya) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām) |
| Locative | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu) |
| Feminine ī-stem declension of सुन्दर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सुन्दरी (sundarī) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सुन्दरी (sundarī) | सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) | सुन्दर्यः (sundaryaḥ) |
| Vocative | सुन्दरि (sundari) | सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) | सुन्दर्यः (sundaryaḥ) |
| Accusative | सुन्दरीम् (sundarīm) | सुन्दर्यौ (sundaryau) | सुन्दरीः (sundarīḥ) |
| Instrumental | सुन्दर्या (sundaryā) | सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) | सुन्दरीभिः (sundarībhiḥ) |
| Dative | सुन्दर्यै (sundaryai) | सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) | सुन्दरीभ्यः (sundarībhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ) | सुन्दरीभ्याम् (sundarībhyām) | सुन्दरीभ्यः (sundarībhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सुन्दर्याः (sundaryāḥ) | सुन्दर्योः (sundaryoḥ) | सुन्दरीणाम् (sundarīṇām) |
| Locative | सुन्दर्याम् (sundaryām) | सुन्दर्योः (sundaryoḥ) | सुन्दरीषु (sundarīṣu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of सुन्दर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सुन्दरम् (sundaram) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सुन्दरम् (sundaram) | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi) |
| Vocative | सुन्दर (sundara) | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi) |
| Accusative | सुन्दरम् (sundaram) | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दराणि (sundarāṇi) |
| Instrumental | सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ) |
| Dative | सुन्दराय (sundarāya) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām) |
| Locative | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu) |
Derived terms[edit]
- सौन्दर्य (saundarya, “beauty”)
Descendants[edit]
- → Bengali: সুন্দর (śundor)
- → Gujarati: સુંદર (sundar)
- → Hindi: सुंदर (sundar)
- → Marathi: सुंदर (sundar)
- → Nepali: सुन्दर (sundar)
- → Tamil: சுந்தரம் (cuntaram)
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀁𑀤𑀭 (suṃdara)
Noun[edit]
सुन्दर • (sundara) stem, m
- Clerodendrum phlomidis (L.)
- a palace of a particular form (L.)
- name of कामदेव (kāma-deva) (L.)
- name of a serpent-demon (Buddh.)
- name of a son of प्रविलसेन (Pravilasena)
- name of various authors (also with आचार्य (ācārya), कवि (kavi), भट्ट (bhaṭṭa) etc.)
Declension[edit]
| Masculine a-stem declension of सुन्दर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सुन्दरः (sundaraḥ) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ) |
| Vocative | सुन्दर (sundara) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दराः (sundarāḥ) |
| Accusative | सुन्दरम् (sundaram) | सुन्दरौ (sundarau) | सुन्दरान् (sundarān) |
| Instrumental | सुन्दरेण (sundareṇa) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरैः (sundaraiḥ) |
| Dative | सुन्दराय (sundarāya) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | सुन्दरात् (sundarāt) | सुन्दराभ्याम् (sundarābhyām) | सुन्दरेभ्यः (sundarebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | सुन्दरस्य (sundarasya) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दराणाम् (sundarāṇām) |
| Locative | सुन्दरे (sundare) | सुन्दरयोः (sundarayoḥ) | सुन्दरेषु (sundareṣu) |
References[edit]
- Monier Williams (1899) “सुन्दर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1227.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sūnára-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 740
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “sundara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
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- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
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- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
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- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Proto-Indo-Iranian compound terms
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