स्वप्न

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sʋə.pən/, [sʋɐ.pɐ̃n], /sʋəp.nᵊ/, [sʋɐp.nᵊ], /sʋəpn/, [sʋɐpn]

Noun

स्वप्न • (svapn) m (Urdu spelling سوپن)

1. dream
2. sleep

Declension

Declension of स्वप्न (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	स्वप्न svapn	स्वप्न svapn
oblique	स्वप्न svapn	स्वप्नों svapnõ
vocative	स्वप्न svapn	स्वप्नो svapno

Synonyms

• सपना (sapnā)
• ख़्वाब (xvāb)

Derived terms

• स्वप्न देखना (svapn dekhnā)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sʋəp.nə/

Noun

स्वप्न • (svapna) n

1. dream

   Synonym: सपान (sapān) (dialectal)

Declension

Declension of स्वप्न (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	स्वप्न svapna
direct plural	स्वप्ने, स्वप्नं svapne, svapna
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	स्वप्न svapna		स्वप्ने, स्वप्नं svapne, svapna
oblique सामान्यरूप	स्वप्ना svapnā		स्वप्नां- svapnān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	स्वप्नाला svapnālā		स्वप्नांना svapnānnā
ergative	स्वप्नाने, स्वप्नानं svapnāne, svapnāna		स्वप्नांनी svapnānnī
instrumental	स्वप्नाशी svapnāśī		स्वप्नांशी svapnānśī
locative सप्तमी	स्वप्नात svapnāt		स्वप्नांत svapnāt
vocative संबोधन	स्वप्ना svapnā		स्वप्नांनो svapnānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of स्वप्न (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	स्वप्नाचा svapnāċā	स्वप्नाचे svapnāċe	स्वप्नाची svapnācī	स्वप्नाच्या svapnācā	स्वप्नाचे, स्वप्नाचं svapnāċe, svapnāċa	स्वप्नाची svapnācī	स्वप्नाच्या svapnācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	स्वप्नांचा svapnānċā	स्वप्नांचे svapnānċe	स्वप्नांची svapnāñcī	स्वप्नांच्या svapnāncā	स्वप्नांचे, स्वप्नांचं svapnānċe, svapnānċa	स्वप्नांची svapnāñcī	स्वप्नांच्या svapnāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “स्वप्न”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• স্বপ্ন (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬯᬧ᭄ᬦ (Balinese script)
• স্বপ্ন (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰢𑰿𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀧𑁆𑀦 (Brahmi script)
• သွပ္န (Burmese script)
• સ્વપ્ન (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਵਪ੍ਨ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌪𑍍𑌨 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦮꦥ꧀ꦤ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂣𑂹𑂢 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (Kannada script)
• ស្វប្ន (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ວປ຺ນ (Lao script)
• സ്വപ്ന (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠣᠸᠠᢒᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘢𑘿𑘡 (Modi script)
• ᠰᢦᢒᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧊𑧂𑧠𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐥𑑂𑐣 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢮꢦ꣄ꢥ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆥𑇀𑆤 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖢𑖿𑖡 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්වප‍්න (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩰 𑪙𑩯 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚞𑚶𑚝 (Takri script)
• ஸ்வப்ந (Tamil script)
• స్వప్న (Telugu script)
• สฺวปฺน (Thai script)
• སྭ་པྣ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒣𑓂𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨞𑩇𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas (“sleep, dream”), from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep, dream”), from *swep- (“to sleep”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna), Latin somnus, sopor, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Lithuanian sapnas, Persian خواب (xvâb, “dream”), Old Church Slavonic сънъ (sŭnŭ), Old English swefn (whence English sweven).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sʋɐ́p.nɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ʋɐp.n̪ɐ/

Noun

स्वप्न • (svápna) stem, m

1. sleep, sleeping
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.28.10:

     यो मे॑ राज॒न्युज्यो॑ वा॒ सखा॑ वा॒ स्वप्ने॑ भ॒यं भी॒रवे॒ मह्य॒माह॑।
     स्ते॒नो वा॒ यो दिप्स॑ति नो॒ वृको॑ वा॒ त्वं तस्मा॑द्वरुण पाह्य॒स्मान्॥

     yó me rājanyújyo vā sákhā vā svápne bhayáṃ bhīráve máhyamā́ha.
     stenó vā yó dípsati no vṛ́ko vā tváṃ tásmādvaruṇa pāhyasmā́n.

     Protect us, Varuṇa, against every peril which a kinsman or a friend threatens me with alarmed in sleep; or from a thief or a wolf that attempts to destroy us.

2. dream, dreaming
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.86.6:

     न स स्वो दक्षो॑ वरुण॒ ध्रुति॒: सा सुरा॑ म॒न्युर्वि॒भीद॑को॒ अचि॑त्तिः।
     अस्ति॒ ज्याया॒न्कनी॑यस उपा॒रे स्वप्न॑श्च॒नेदनृ॑तस्य प्रयो॒ता॥

     ná sá svó dákṣo varuṇa dhrúti: sā́ súrā manyúrvibhī́dako ácittiḥ.
     ásti jyā́yānkánīyasa upāré svápnaścanédánṛtasya prayotā́.

     It is not our own choice, Varuṇa, not our condition, that is the cause of our sinning; it is that which isintoxication, wrath, gambling, ignorance; there is a senior in the proximity of the junior; even a dream is aprovocation to sin.

3. sleepiness, drowsiness

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of स्वप्न (svápna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	स्वप्नः svápnaḥ	स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹	स्वप्नाः / स्वप्नासः¹ svápnāḥ / svápnāsaḥ¹
Vocative	स्वप्न svápna	स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹	स्वप्नाः / स्वप्नासः¹ svápnāḥ / svápnāsaḥ¹
Accusative	स्वप्नम् svápnam	स्वप्नौ / स्वप्ना¹ svápnau / svápnā¹	स्वप्नान् svápnān
Instrumental	स्वप्नेन svápnena	स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām	स्वप्नैः / स्वप्नेभिः¹ svápnaiḥ / svápnebhiḥ¹
Dative	स्वप्नाय svápnāya	स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām	स्वप्नेभ्यः svápnebhyaḥ
Ablative	स्वप्नात् svápnāt	स्वप्नाभ्याम् svápnābhyām	स्वप्नेभ्यः svápnebhyaḥ
Genitive	स्वप्नस्य svápnasya	स्वप्नयोः svápnayoḥ	स्वप्नानाम् svápnānām
Locative	स्वप्ने svápne	स्वप्नयोः svápnayoḥ	स्वप्नेषु svápneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• दुःस्वप्न (duḥsvápna)

Descendants

• → Early Assamese: স্বপন (sbopono)
  • → Assamese: সপোন (xopün)
• → Odia: ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ (svapna), ସପ୍ନ (sapna)
• → Marathi: स्वप्न (svapna)
• → Bengali: স্বপ্ন (śopno)
• → Pali: soppa
• → Paisaci Prakrit:
  • → Punjabi: ਸੁਪਨਾ (supnā), ਸੁਫਨਾ (suphnā)
• → Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • → Gujarati: સોણું (soṇũ), સમણું (samṇũ)
  • → Hindi: सपना (sapnā)
  • → Urdu: سپنا (sapnā)
• → Hindi: स्वप्न (svapna)
• → Maithili: 𑒮𑒣𑒢𑒰 (sapanā)
• → Kannada: ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (svapna)
• → Malayalam: സ്വപ്നം (svapnaṁ)
• → Tamil: சொப்பனம் (coppaṉam)
• → Telugu: స్వప్నము (svapnamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्वप्न”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1280/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 791