ਪੱਥਰ

Punjabi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *pér

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *pró

Proto-Indo-European *pro-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-

Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)

Proto-Indo-European *ster-

Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-

Sanskrit स्तर (stara)

Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara)

Prakrit 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭 (patthara)

Punjabi ਪੱਥਰ

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀭 m (patthara, “stone”) without cluster simplification, from Sanskrit प्रस्तर (prastara). Displaced Old Punjabi ਪਾਥਰ (pāthara). Cognate with Hindi पत्थर (patthar). False cognate of Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /pət̪.t̪ʰəɾ/, [ˈpət̪̚.t̪ʰəɾ(ə̆)]
• Rhymes: -əɾ

Noun

ਪੱਥਰ • (patthar) m (Shahmukhi spelling پتھر)

1. stone, rock

Declension

Declension of ਪੱਥਰ

	singular	plural
direct	ਪੱਥਰ (patthar)	ਪੱਥਰ (patthar)
oblique	ਪੱਥਰ (patthar)	ਪੱਥਰਾਂ (pattharā̃)
vocative	ਪੱਥਰਾ (pattharā)	ਪੱਥਰੋ (pattharo)
ablative	ਪੱਥਰੋਂ (pattharõ)	—
locative	ਪੱਥਰੇ (patthare)	ਪੱਥਰੀਂ (pattharī̃)
instrumental	ਪੱਥਰੇ (patthare)	ਪੱਥਰੀਂ (pattharī̃)

Derived terms

• ਪੱਥਰ ਯੁੱਗ m (patthar yugga, “Stone Age”)

Adjective

ਪੱਥਰ • (patthar) (Shahmukhi spelling پتھر)

1. stony
2. (figurative) hard; heavy

Derived terms

• ਪੱਥਰ ਚੱਟ m (patthar caṭṭa, “Kalanchoe pinnata”)

Further reading

• “ਪੱਥਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026