ἅλιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

ἅλς (háls, “salt”) +‎ -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /há.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.li.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.li.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/

Adjective

ἅλῐος • (hálios) m (feminine ἁλίᾱ, neuter ἅλῐον); first/second declension

1. of the sea, marine

Declension

First and second declension of ἅλῐος; ἁλῐ́ᾱ; ἅλῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἅλῐος hálios	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Genitive		ἁλῐ́ου halíou	ἁλῐ́ᾱς halíās	ἁλῐ́ου halíou		ἁλῐ́οιν halíoin	ἁλῐ́αιν halíain	ἁλῐ́οιν halíoin		ἁλῐ́ων halíōn	ἁλῐ́ων halíōn	ἁλῐ́ων halíōn
Dative		ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi	ἁλῐ́ᾳ halíāi	ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi		ἁλῐ́οιν halíoin	ἁλῐ́αιν halíain	ἁλῐ́οιν halíoin		ἁλῐ́οις halíois	ἁλῐ́αις halíais	ἁλῐ́οις halíois
Accusative		ἅλῐον hálion	ἁλῐ́ᾱν halíān	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἁλῐ́ους halíous	ἁλῐ́ᾱς halíās	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Vocative		ἅλῐε hálie	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἁλῐ́ως halíōs				ἁλῐώτερος haliṓteros				ἁλῐώτᾰτος haliṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ἅλῐος; ἁλῐ́η; ἅλῐον (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἅλῐος hálios	ἁλῐ́η halíē	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Genitive		ἁλῐ́ου / ἁλῐοῖο / ἁλῐ́οιο / ἁλῐόο / ἁλῐ́οο halíou / halioîo / halíoio / halióo / halíoo	ἁλῐ́ης halíēs	ἁλῐ́ου / ἁλῐοῖο / ἁλῐ́οιο / ἁλῐόο / ἁλῐ́οο halíou / halioîo / halíoio / halióo / halíoo		ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin	ἁλῐ́αιν / ἁλῐ́αιῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃῐν halíai(i)n / halíēiin	ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin		ἁλῐ́ων halíōn	ἁλῐᾱ́ων / ἁλῐέ͜ων / ἁλῐῶν haliā́ōn / halié͜ōn / haliôn	ἁλῐ́ων halíōn
Dative		ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi	ἁλῐ́ῃ halíēi	ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi		ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin	ἁλῐ́αιν / ἁλῐ́αιῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃῐν halíai(i)n / halíēiin	ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin		ἁλῐ́οισῐ / ἁλῐ́οισῐν / ἁλῐ́οις halíoisi(n) / halíois	ἁλῐ́ῃσῐ / ἁλῐ́ῃσῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃς / ἁλῐ́αις halíēisi(n) / halíēis / halíais	ἁλῐ́οισῐ / ἁλῐ́οισῐν / ἁλῐ́οις halíoisi(n) / halíois
Accusative		ἅλῐον hálion	ἁλῐ́ην halíēn	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἁλῐ́ους halíous	ἁλῐ́ᾱς halíās	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Vocative		ἅλῐε hálie	ἁλῐ́η halíē	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἁλῐ́ως halíōs				ἁλῐώτερος haliṓteros				ἁλῐώτᾰτος haliṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• αλιεία (alieía)

Further reading

• “ἅλιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “ἅλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 2

ἅλς (háls, “salt”) +‎ -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /há.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /há.li.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.li.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/

Adjective

ἅλῐος • (hálios) m (feminine ἁλίη, neuter ἅλῐον); first/second declension

1. (Epic) fruitless, ineffectual

Declension

First and second declension of ἅλῐος; ἁλῐ́η; ἅλῐον (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἅλῐος hálios	ἁλῐ́η halíē	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Genitive		ἁλῐ́ου / ἁλῐοῖο / ἁλῐ́οιο / ἁλῐόο / ἁλῐ́οο halíou / halioîo / halíoio / halióo / halíoo	ἁλῐ́ης halíēs	ἁλῐ́ου / ἁλῐοῖο / ἁλῐ́οιο / ἁλῐόο / ἁλῐ́οο halíou / halioîo / halíoio / halióo / halíoo		ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin	ἁλῐ́αιν / ἁλῐ́αιῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃῐν halíai(i)n / halíēiin	ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin		ἁλῐ́ων halíōn	ἁλῐᾱ́ων / ἁλῐέ͜ων / ἁλῐῶν haliā́ōn / halié͜ōn / haliôn	ἁλῐ́ων halíōn
Dative		ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi	ἁλῐ́ῃ halíēi	ἁλῐ́ῳ halíōi		ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin	ἁλῐ́αιν / ἁλῐ́αιῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃῐν halíai(i)n / halíēiin	ἁλῐ́οιῐν halíoiin		ἁλῐ́οισῐ / ἁλῐ́οισῐν / ἁλῐ́οις halíoisi(n) / halíois	ἁλῐ́ῃσῐ / ἁλῐ́ῃσῐν / ἁλῐ́ῃς / ἁλῐ́αις halíēisi(n) / halíēis / halíais	ἁλῐ́οισῐ / ἁλῐ́οισῐν / ἁλῐ́οις halíoisi(n) / halíois
Accusative		ἅλῐον hálion	ἁλῐ́ην halíēn	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἁλῐ́ους halíous	ἁλῐ́ᾱς halíās	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Vocative		ἅλῐε hálie	ἁλῐ́η halíē	ἅλῐον hálion		ἁλῐ́ω halíō	ἁλῐ́ᾱ halíā	ἁλῐ́ω halíō		ἅλῐοι hálioi	ἅλῐαι háliai	ἅλῐᾰ hália
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἅλῐον hálion				ἁλῐώτερος haliṓteros				ἁλῐώτᾰτος haliṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

• “ἅλιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “ἅλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hǎː.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/ → /ˈa.li.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǎː.li.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)a.li.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.os/

Noun

ᾱ̔́λῐος • (hā́lios) m (genitive ᾱ̔λίοιο); second declension

1. Doric form of ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ᾱ̔́λῐος; τοῦ ᾱ̔λῐ́οιο (Doric)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾱ̔́λῐος ho hā́lios	τὼ ᾱ̔λῐ́ω tṑ hālíō	τοὶ ᾱ̔́λῐοι toì hā́lioi
Genitive	τοῦ ᾱ̔λῐ́οιο toû hālíoio	τοῖν ᾱ̔λῐ́οιν toîn hālíoin	τῶν ᾱ̔λῐ́ων tôn hālíōn
Dative	τῷ ᾱ̔λῐ́ῳ tôi hālíōi	τοῖν ᾱ̔λῐ́οιν toîn hālíoin	τοῖς ᾱ̔λῐ́οις toîs hālíois
Accusative	τὸν ᾱ̔́λῐον tòn hā́lion	τὼ ᾱ̔λῐ́ω tṑ hālíō	τοὺς ᾱ̔λῐ́ους toùs hālíous
Vocative	ᾱ̔́λῐε hā́lie	ᾱ̔λῐ́ω hālíō	ᾱ̔́λῐοι hā́lioi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

• “ἅλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press