ἥλιος

See also: ήλιος, Ήλιος, and Ἥλιος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἠέλῐος (ēélĭos) — Epic, Ionic
• ᾱ̓έλῐος (āélĭos) — Lyric, Aeolic, Doric, Arcadocypriot
• ᾱ̔́λῐος (hā́lĭos) — Lyric
• ᾱ̓λιος (ālios) — Aeolic
• ᾱ̓ϝέλῐος (āwélĭos), ᾱ̓βέλῐος (ābélĭos) — Laconian, Cretan
• ϝέλᾱ (wélā), βέλᾱ (bélā) — Laconian

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic слъньце (slŭnĭce), Latin sol, Sanskrit सूर॑ (sū́ra), सूर्य॑ (sū́rya), स्व॑र् (svàr), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Persian خور (xwar).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.li.os/ → /ˈi.li.os/ → /ˈi.li.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̌ː.li.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.li.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.li.os/

Noun

ἥλῐος • (hḗlĭos) m (genitive ἡλῐ́ου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)

1. sun
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 14:

     καὶ μικρὸν μὲν ἀνεκάθισεν, ἀνθρώπων τοσούτων ἐπερχομένων, καὶ διέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον. ὡς δὲ ἐκεῖνος ἀσπασάμενος καὶ προσειπὼν αὐτὸν ἠρώτησεν εἴ τινος τυγχάνει δεόμενος, “Μικρόν,” εἶπεν, “ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου μετάστηθι.”

     kaì mikròn mèn anekáthisen, anthrṓpōn tosoútōn eperkhoménōn, kaì diéblepsen eis tòn Aléxandron. hōs dè ekeînos aspasámenos kaì proseipṑn autòn ērṓtēsen eí tinos tunkhánei deómenos, “Mikrón,” eîpen, “apò toû hēlíou metástēthi.”

     Diogenes raised himself up a little when he saw so many persons coming towards him, and fixed his eyes upon Alexander. And when that monarch addressed him with greetings, and asked if he wanted anything, “Yes,” said Diogenes, “stand a little out of my sun.”

2. east
3. day
4. sunshine

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ἥλῐος; τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἥλῐος ho hḗlĭos	τὼ ἡλῐ́ω tṑ hēlĭ́ō	οἱ ἥλῐοι hoi hḗlĭoi
Genitive	τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου toû hēlĭ́ou	τοῖν ἡλῐ́οιν toîn hēlĭ́oin	τῶν ἡλῐ́ων tôn hēlĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ tōî hēlĭ́ōi	τοῖν ἡλῐ́οιν toîn hēlĭ́oin	τοῖς ἡλῐ́οις toîs hēlĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸν ἥλῐον tòn hḗlĭon	τὼ ἡλῐ́ω tṑ hēlĭ́ō	τοὺς ἡλῐ́ους toùs hēlĭ́ous
Vocative	ἥλῐε hḗlĭe	ἡλῐ́ω hēlĭ́ō	ἥλῐοι hḗlĭoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ ἥλῐος; τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἥλῐος ho hḗlĭos	τὼ ἡλῐ́ω tṑ hēlĭ́ō	οἱ ἥλῐοι hoi hḗlĭoi
Genitive	τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου toû hēlĭ́ou	τοῖν ἡλῐ́οιν toîn hēlĭ́oin	τῶν ἡλῐ́ων tôn hēlĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ tōî hēlĭ́ōi	τοῖν ἡλῐ́οιν toîn hēlĭ́oin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἡλῐ́οισῐ / ἡλῐ́οισῐν toîsĭ(n) hēlĭ́oisĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ἥλῐον tòn hḗlĭon	τὼ ἡλῐ́ω tṑ hēlĭ́ō	τοὺς ἡλῐ́ους toùs hēlĭ́ous
Vocative	ἥλῐε hḗlĭe	ἡλῐ́ω hēlĭ́ō	ἥλῐοι hḗlĭoi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̓νήλῐος (ănḗlĭos)
• ᾰ̓νθήλῐος (ănthḗlĭos)
• ᾰ̓ντήλῐος (ăntḗlĭos)
• ᾰ̓πηλῐώτης (ăpēlĭṓtēs)
• ᾰ̓πηλῐωτῐκός (ăpēlĭōtĭkós)
• αὐτοήλῐος (autoḗlĭos)
• ᾰ̓φηλῐώτης (ăphēlĭṓtēs)
• ᾰ̓φηλῐωτῐκός (ăphēlĭōtĭkós)
• δῠσήλῐος (dŭsḗlĭos)
• ἐξηλῐᾰ́ζομαι (exēlĭắzomai)
• εὐήλῐος (euḗlĭos)
• Ηλῐᾰ́δης (Ēlĭắdēs)
• ἡλῐᾰ́ζω (hēlĭắzō)
• ἡλῐᾰκός (hēlĭăkós)
• ἡλῐᾰνθές (hēlĭănthés)
• Ἡλῐᾰ́ς (Hēlĭắs)
• ἡλῐᾰ́ς (hēlĭắs)
• ἡλῐ́ᾰσῐς (hēlĭ́ăsĭs)
• ἡλῐᾰστήρῐον (hēlĭăstḗrĭon)
• ἡλῐαυγής (hēlĭaugḗs)
• ἡλῐᾰ́ω (hēlĭắō)
• ἡλῐοειδής (hēlĭoeidḗs)
• ἡλῐοειδῶς (hēlĭoeidôs)
• ἡλῐομᾰντεῐ́ᾱ (hēlĭomănteĭ́ā)
• ἡλῐόομαι (hēlĭóomai)
• Ἥλῐος (Hḗlĭos)
• ἡλῐοσκόπῐον (hēlĭoskópĭon)
• ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēlĭotrópĭon)
• ἡλῐοῦμαι (hēlĭoûmai)
• ἡλῐόφῠτον (hēlĭóphŭton)
• ἡλῐόω (hēlĭóō)
• ἡλῑ́της (hēlī́tēs)
• ἡλῐῶ (hēlĭô)
• ἡλῐώδης (hēlĭṓdēs)
• ἡλῐωδῶς (hēlĭōdôs)
• Ηλῐών (Ēlĭṓn)
• ἡλῐωνῡμῐ́ᾱ (hēlĭōnūmĭ́ā)
• ἡλῐωπός (hēlĭōpós)
• ἡλῐ́ωσῐς (hēlĭ́ōsĭs)
• ἡλῐώτης (hēlĭṓtēs)
• ἡλῐῶτῐς (hēlĭôtĭs)
• μῑσήλῐος (mīsḗlĭos)
• πᾰνήλῐος (pănḗlĭos)
• πᾰρήλῐος (părḗlĭos)
• πολῠήλῐος (polŭḗlĭos)
• προσήλῐος (prosḗlĭos)
• τρῐσήλῐος (trĭsḗlĭos)
• ῠ̔φήλῐος (hŭphḗlĭos)
• φῐλήλῐος (phĭlḗlĭos)
• φῠξήλῐος (phŭxḗlĭos)

Descendants

• Greek: ήλιος (ílios)
• Italiot Greek: ilio
• Mariupol Greek: и́люс (íljus)
• → Sanskrit: हेलि (heli)

Further reading

• “ἥλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἥλιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἥλιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἥλιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G2246 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ἥλιος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • apollo idem, page 34.
  • day idem, page 197.
  • sun idem, page 838.
• ἥλιος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011