स्वर्

See also: स्वर

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• স্বৰ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬯᬃ (Balinese script)
• স্বর্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• သွရ် (Burmese script)
• સ્વર્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਵਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ವರ್ (Kannada script)
• ស្វរ៑ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ວຣ຺ (Lao script)
• സ്വര് (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠣᠸᠠᡵ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠰᢦᠷ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧊𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଵର୍ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢮꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්වර් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஸ்வர் (Tamil script)
• స్వర్ (Telugu script)
• สฺวรฺ (Thai script)
• སྭ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xvar), English sun. Doublet of हेलि (heli).

Alternative forms

• सुवर् (súvar) (in Yajurveda)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /s̪ú.ʋɐɾ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/

Noun

स्वर् • (svàr) stem, m (metrically súvar)

1. the sun
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4:

     अग्निर्जातो अरोचत घ्नन्दस्यूञ्ज्योतिषा तमः ।
     अविन्दद्गा अपः स्वः ॥

     agnirjāto arocata ghnandasyūñjyotiṣā tamaḥ .
     avindadgā apaḥ svaḥ .

     Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:
     He found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.

2. sunshine, light
3. sky, heaven
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. space between the sun and the polar star, as the third of the व्याहृति (vyāhṛti, “names of the upper worlds used as mystical utterance”)
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Declension

Declension of स्वर्

	Singular
Nominative	स्वः (svàḥ)
Accusative	स्वः (svàḥ)
Dative	सूरे (sūré)
Ablative	स्वः (svàḥ)
Genitive	सूरः (sū́raḥ)
Locative	स्वः (svàḥ)

Derived terms

• सूर्य (sū́rya)
• सूर (sū́ra)

Proper noun

स्वर् • (svar) stem, m

1. a name of Shiva
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Derived terms

• स्वरतिक्रम (svaratikrama, “stepping beyond heaven”)
• स्वरधीत (svaradhīta, “reaching heaven”)
• स्वरापगा (svarāpagā, “river of heaven, the Ganges”)
• स्वर्ग (svargá, “heaven”)
• स्वर्गत (svargata, “being in heaven; gone to heaven; dead”)
• स्वर्गमन (svargamana, “going to heaven; death”)
• स्वर्वत् (svàrvat, “bright, shining, celestial”)
• स्वर्वैद्य (svarvaidya, “physician of heaven; either of the two Aśvins”)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “स्वर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1281.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound; whistle; shout loudly; swear”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *svãrъ (“quarrel, strife, trouble”); Latin sermō; English swear, (an)swer.

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• স্বৰ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬲ᭄ᬯᬃ (Balinese script)
• স্বর্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• သွရ် (Burmese script)
• સ્વર્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ੍ਵਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಸ್ವರ್ (Kannada script)
• ស្វរ៑ (Khmer script)
• ສ຺ວຣ຺ (Lao script)
• സ്വര് (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠣᠸᠠᡵ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠰᢦᠷ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧠𑧊𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
• ସ୍ଵର୍ (Odia script)
• ꢱ꣄ꢮꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ස‍්වර් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஸ்வர் (Tamil script)
• స్వర్ (Telugu script)
• สฺวรฺ (Thai script)
• སྭ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sʋɐɾ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/

Root

स्वर् • (svar)

1. to sound, resound, utter a sound
2. to sing praises of

Derived terms

• स्वरति (svárati)
• सास्वर्ति (sāsvarti)

 

References

• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 202
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “स्वर्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “स्वर्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 613
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1050, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1050