ἅπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unclear. There are a number of competing theories as to the origin of this word. Has been connected to Avestan 𐬁𐬟𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬈 (āfənte), 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (apayeiti), Latin apō, apex, Sanskrit आप्त (āpta), and Albanian shemb. Has also been connected with ἰάπτω (iáptō, “I send, drive forth”), ἁφή (haphḗ, “grip”) and Old Armenian ափ (apʻ, “palm”).
The present tense system includes a T progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /háp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)ap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
Verb
ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō)
- to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to
- to fasten to, bind fast
- to join to
- (middle voice) to fasten myself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch
- (middle voice) to reach the mark
- (middle voice) to engage in, take part in
- (middle voice) to set upon, attack, assail
- (middle voice) to touch, affect
- (middle voice) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive
- (middle voice) to come up to, reach, gain
Inflection
Present: ᾰ̔́πτω, ᾰ̔́πτομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧπτον | ἧπτες | ἧπτε(ν) | ἥπτετον | ἡπτέτην | ἥπτομεν | ἥπτετε | ἧπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἡπτόμην | ἥπτου | ἥπτετο | ἥπτεσθον | ἡπτέσθην | ἡπτόμεθᾰ | ἥπτεσθε | ἥπτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψω | ᾰ̔́ψεις | ᾰ̔́ψει | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψομεν | ᾰ̔́ψετε | ᾰ̔́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔́ψοιμῐ | ᾰ̔́ψοις | ᾰ̔́ψοι | ᾰ̔́ψοιτον | ᾰ̔ψοίτην | ᾰ̔́ψοιμεν | ᾰ̔́ψοιτε | ᾰ̔́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψομαι | ᾰ̔́ψῃ, ᾰ̔́ψει |
ᾰ̔́ψεται | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔ψόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψεσθε | ᾰ̔́ψονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔ψοίμην | ᾰ̔́ψοιο | ᾰ̔́ψοιτο | ᾰ̔́ψοισθον | ᾰ̔ψοίσθην | ᾰ̔ψοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψοισθε | ᾰ̔́ψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ᾰ̔φθήσομαι | ᾰ̔φθήσῃ | ᾰ̔φθήσεται | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθε | ᾰ̔φθήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔φθησοίμην | ᾰ̔φθήσοιο | ᾰ̔φθήσοιτο | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθον | ᾰ̔φθησοίσθην | ᾰ̔φθησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθε | ᾰ̔φθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̔́ψειν | ᾰ̔́ψεσθαι | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̔́ψων | ᾰ̔ψόμενος | ᾰ̔φθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ᾰ̔́ψουσᾰ | ᾰ̔ψομένη | ᾰ̔φθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ᾰ̔́ψον | ᾰ̔ψόμενον | ᾰ̔φθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἧμμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἧμμαι | ἧψαι | ἧπται | ἧφθον | ἧφθον | ἥμμεθᾰ | ἧφθε | ἥπᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἡμμένος ὦ | ἡμμένος ᾖς | ἡμμένος ᾖ | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένοι ὦμεν | ἡμμένοι ἦτε | ἡμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἡμμένος εἴην | ἡμμένος εἴης | ἡμμένος εἴη | ἡμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἡμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἡμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἡμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἡμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἧψο | ἥφθω | ἧφθον | ἥφθων | ἧφθε | ἥφθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἧφθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἡμμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἡμμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἡμμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἥμμην
Derived terms
- ἄαπτος (áaptos)
- ἅμμα (hámma)
- ἀνάπτω (anáptō)
- ἀνθάπτομαι (antháptomai)
- ἁπτέον (haptéon)
- ἁπτικός (haptikós)
- ἁπτός (haptós)
- ἁπτώδιον (haptṓdion)
- ἀφάπτω (apháptō)
- ἁφή (haphḗ)
- ἁψικάρδιος (hapsikárdios)
- ἁψικορία (hapsikoría)
- ἁψίκορος (hapsíkoros)
- ἁψίμαχος (hapsímakhos)
- ἁψιμισία (hapsimisía)
- ἁψίς (hapsís)
- ἅψις (hápsis)
- ἅψος (hápsos)
- ἐνάπτω (enáptō)
- ἐξάπτω (exáptō)
- ἐφάπτω (epháptō)
- καθάπτομαι (katháptomai)
- μεθάπτομαι (metháptomai)
- παράπτομαι (paráptomai)
- περιάπτω (periáptō)
- προάπτω (proáptō)
- προσάπτω (prosáptō)
- συνάπτω (sunáptō)
- ὑφάπτω (hupháptō)
Descendants
Further reading
- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἅπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἅπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἅπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἅπτω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἅπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G681 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἅπτω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften