ὁρίζω

See also: ορίζω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• οὐρίζω (ourízō) — Ionic

Etymology

From ὅρος (hóros, “boundary, border”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ho.ríz.dɔː/ → /oˈri.zo/ → /oˈri.zo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ho.ríz.dɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)oˈri.zo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈri.zo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈri.zo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈri.zo/

Verb

ὁρίζω • (horízō)

1. to divide, separate from
   • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.16
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 636
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 9.5
   1. to separate
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 501b.16
      • Autol., Sph. 4
      • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.51
      • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.123
      • c. 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Alexandra 1289
   2. to delimit
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 944a
   3. to bound
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1017b.17
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 295
      • 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.71
      • 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.96
      • c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.6.21
   4. to pass between or through
      • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 433
   5. to part, divide
      • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 941
      • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 128
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1459
2. to mark out
   • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 1670
   • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.142
   • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.108
   • c. 450 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 754
   • 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.82
   1. to trace as a boundary
      • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 546
3. to ordain, determine, lay down
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 927
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 542a.19
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1002b.18
   • 340 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 369b.29
   • 350 BCE, Aristotle, On the Heavens 273a.14
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1285b.22
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 2 24
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 218
   • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 259
   • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1222
   • 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 979
   • 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 65
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 864e
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 452
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 24
   • c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.36
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.35
   1. to define a thing
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 171a
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.6.4
4. (middle voice) to mark out for oneself
   • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 256
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 696
   • 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 969
   • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Eraton 6
   • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 470b
   • c. 450 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 237
   • c. 370 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.5.13
   1. to determine for oneself
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 241
      • 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 19
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Funeral Oration 19
   2. to define a thing
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1104b.24
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1128b.11
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1166a.2
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1170a.16
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 141b.24
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 475a
      • 375 BCE, Plato, The Republic 505c
      • 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 246b
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 190e
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.6.6
5. (intransitive) to border upon
   • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.42
6. (Attic law) to have marked with ὅροι (hóroi)
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Onetor 2 5
   • c. 177 CE, Pollux, Onomasticon 9.9

Inflection

   Present: ὁρῐ́ζω, ὁρῐ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὁρῐ́ζω	ὁρῐ́ζεις	ὁρῐ́ζει	ὁρῐ́ζετον	ὁρῐ́ζετον	ὁρῐ́ζομεν	ὁρῐ́ζετε	ὁρῐ́ζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὁρῐ́ζω	ὁρῐ́ζῃς	ὁρῐ́ζῃ	ὁρῐ́ζητον	ὁρῐ́ζητον	ὁρῐ́ζωμεν	ὁρῐ́ζητε	ὁρῐ́ζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὁρῐ́ζοιμῐ	ὁρῐ́ζοις	ὁρῐ́ζοι	ὁρῐ́ζοιτον	ὁρῐζοίτην	ὁρῐ́ζοιμεν	ὁρῐ́ζοιτε	ὁρῐ́ζοιεν
	imperative		ὅρῐζε	ὁρῐζέτω	ὁρῐ́ζετον	ὁρῐζέτων		ὁρῐ́ζετε	ὁρῐζόντων
middle/passive	indicative	ὁρῐ́ζομαι	ὁρῐ́ζῃ, ὁρῐ́ζει	ὁρῐ́ζεται	ὁρῐ́ζεσθον	ὁρῐ́ζεσθον	ὁρῐζόμεθᾰ	ὁρῐ́ζεσθε	ὁρῐ́ζονται
	subjunctive	ὁρῐ́ζωμαι	ὁρῐ́ζῃ	ὁρῐ́ζηται	ὁρῐ́ζησθον	ὁρῐ́ζησθον	ὁρῐζώμεθᾰ	ὁρῐ́ζησθε	ὁρῐ́ζωνται
	optative	ὁρῐζοίμην	ὁρῐ́ζοιο	ὁρῐ́ζοιτο	ὁρῐ́ζοισθον	ὁρῐζοίσθην	ὁρῐζοίμεθᾰ	ὁρῐ́ζοισθε	ὁρῐ́ζοιντο
	imperative		ὁρῐ́ζου	ὁρῐζέσθω	ὁρῐ́ζεσθον	ὁρῐζέσθων		ὁρῐ́ζεσθε	ὁρῐζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὁρῐ́ζειν				ὁρῐ́ζεσθαι
participle	m	ὁρῐ́ζων				ὁρῐζόμενος
	f	ὁρῐ́ζουσᾰ				ὁρῐζομένη
	n	ὁρῐ́ζον				ὁρῐζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ὥρῐζον, ὡρῐζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὥρῐζον	ὥρῐζες	ὥρῐζε(ν)	ὡρῐ́ζετον	ὡρῐζέτην	ὡρῐ́ζομεν	ὡρῐ́ζετε	ὥρῐζον
middle/passive	indicative	ὡρῐζόμην	ὡρῐ́ζου	ὡρῐ́ζετο	ὡρῐ́ζεσθον	ὡρῐζέσθην	ὡρῐζόμεθᾰ	ὡρῐ́ζεσθε	ὡρῐ́ζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ὁριέω, ὁριέομαι, ὁρισθήσομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὁριέω	ὁριέεις	ὁριέει	ὁριέετον	ὁριέετον	ὁριέομεν	ὁριέετε	ὁριέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὁριέοιμῐ	ὁριέοις	ὁριέοι	ὁριέοιτον	ὁριεοίτην	ὁριέοιμεν	ὁριέοιτε	ὁριέοιεν
middle	indicative	ὁριέομαι	ὁριέῃ, ὁριέει	ὁριέεται	ὁριέεσθον	ὁριέεσθον	ὁριεόμεθᾰ	ὁριέεσθε	ὁριέονται
	optative	ὁριεοίμην	ὁριέοιο	ὁριέοιτο	ὁριέοισθον	ὁριεοίσθην	ὁριεοίμεθᾰ	ὁριέοισθε	ὁριέοιντο
passive	indicative	ὁρισθήσομαι	ὁρισθήσῃ, ὁρισθήσει	ὁρισθήσεται	ὁρισθήσεσθον	ὁρισθήσεσθον	ὁρισθησόμεθᾰ	ὁρισθήσεσθε	ὁρισθήσονται
	optative	ὁρισθησοίμην	ὁρισθήσοιο	ὁρισθήσοιτο	ὁρισθήσοισθον	ὁρισθησοίσθην	ὁρισθησοίμεθᾰ	ὁρισθήσοισθε	ὁρισθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὁριέειν			ὁριέεσθαι		ὁρισθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ὁριέων			ὁριεόμενος		ὁρισθησόμενος
	f	ὁριέουσᾰ			ὁριεομένη		ὁρισθησομένη
	n	ὁριέον			ὁριεόμενον		ὁρισθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ὁριῶ, ὁριοῦμαι, ὁρισθήσομαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὁριῶ	ὁριεῖς	ὁριεῖ	ὁριεῖτον	ὁριεῖτον	ὁριοῦμεν	ὁριεῖτε	ὁριοῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὁριοίην, ὁριοῖμῐ	ὁριοίης, ὁριοῖς	ὁριοίη, ὁριοῖ	ὁριοῖτον, ὁριοίητον	ὁριοίτην, ὁριοιήτην	ὁριοῖμεν, ὁριοίημεν	ὁριοῖτε, ὁριοίητε	ὁριοῖεν, ὁριοίησᾰν
middle	indicative	ὁριοῦμαι	ὁριεῖ, ὁριῇ	ὁριεῖται	ὁριεῖσθον	ὁριεῖσθον	ὁριούμεθᾰ	ὁριεῖσθε	ὁριοῦνται
	optative	ὁριοίμην	ὁριοῖο	ὁριοῖτο	ὁριοῖσθον	ὁριοίσθην	ὁριοίμεθᾰ	ὁριοῖσθε	ὁριοῖντο
passive	indicative	ὁρισθήσομαι	ὁρισθήσῃ, ὁρισθήσει	ὁρισθήσεται	ὁρισθήσεσθον	ὁρισθήσεσθον	ὁρισθησόμεθᾰ	ὁρισθήσεσθε	ὁρισθήσονται
	optative	ὁρισθησοίμην	ὁρισθήσοιο	ὁρισθήσοιτο	ὁρισθήσοισθον	ὁρισθησοίσθην	ὁρισθησοίμεθᾰ	ὁρισθήσοισθε	ὁρισθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὁριεῖν			ὁριεῖσθαι		ὁρισθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ὁριῶν			ὁριούμενος		ὁρισθησόμενος
	f	ὁριοῦσᾰ			ὁριουμένη		ὁρισθησομένη
	n	ὁριοῦν			ὁριούμενον		ὁρισθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ὥρῐσᾰ, ὡρῐσᾰ́μην, ὡρίσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὥρῐσᾰ	ὥρῐσᾰς	ὥρῐσε(ν)	ὡρῐ́σᾰτον	ὡρῐσᾰ́την	ὡρῐ́σᾰμεν	ὡρῐ́σᾰτε	ὥρῐσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὁρῐ́σω	ὁρῐ́σῃς	ὁρῐ́σῃ	ὁρῐ́σητον	ὁρῐ́σητον	ὁρῐ́σωμεν	ὁρῐ́σητε	ὁρῐ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὁρῐ́σαιμῐ	ὁρῐ́σειᾰς, ὁρῐ́σαις	ὁρῐ́σειε(ν), ὁρῐ́σαι	ὁρῐ́σαιτον	ὁρῐσαίτην	ὁρῐ́σαιμεν	ὁρῐ́σαιτε	ὁρῐ́σειᾰν, ὁρῐ́σαιεν
	imperative		ὅρῐσον	ὁρῐσᾰ́τω	ὁρῐ́σᾰτον	ὁρῐσᾰ́των		ὁρῐ́σᾰτε	ὁρῐσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὡρῐσᾰ́μην	ὡρῐ́σω	ὡρῐ́σᾰτο	ὡρῐ́σᾰσθον	ὡρῐσᾰ́σθην	ὡρῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὡρῐ́σᾰσθε	ὡρῐ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὁρῐ́σωμαι	ὁρῐ́σῃ	ὁρῐ́σηται	ὁρῐ́σησθον	ὁρῐ́σησθον	ὁρῐσώμεθᾰ	ὁρῐ́σησθε	ὁρῐ́σωνται
	optative	ὁρῐσαίμην	ὁρῐ́σαιο	ὁρῐ́σαιτο	ὁρῐ́σαισθον	ὁρῐσαίσθην	ὁρῐσαίμεθᾰ	ὁρῐ́σαισθε	ὁρῐ́σαιντο
	imperative		ὅρῐσαι	ὁρῐσᾰ́σθω	ὁρῐ́σᾰσθον	ὁρῐσᾰ́σθων		ὁρῐ́σᾰσθε	ὁρῐσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ὡρίσθην	ὡρίσθης	ὡρίσθη	ὡρίσθητον	ὡρισθήτην	ὡρίσθημεν	ὡρίσθητε	ὡρίσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὁρισθῶ	ὁρισθῇς	ὁρισθῇ	ὁρισθῆτον	ὁρισθῆτον	ὁρισθῶμεν	ὁρισθῆτε	ὁρισθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὁρισθείην	ὁρισθείης	ὁρισθείη	ὁρισθεῖτον, ὁρισθείητον	ὁρισθείτην, ὁρισθειήτην	ὁρισθεῖμεν, ὁρισθείημεν	ὁρισθεῖτε, ὁρισθείητε	ὁρισθεῖεν, ὁρισθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὁρίσθητῐ	ὁρισθήτω	ὁρίσθητον	ὁρισθήτων		ὁρίσθητε	ὁρισθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὁρῐ́σαι			ὁρῐ́σᾰσθαι		ὁρισθῆναι
participle	m	ὁρῐ́σᾱς			ὁρῐσᾰ́μενος		ὁρισθείς
	f	ὁρῐ́σᾱσᾰ			ὁρῐσᾰμένη		ὁρισθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὁρῐ́σᾰν			ὁρῐσᾰ́μενον		ὁρισθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ὥρικᾰ, ὥρῐσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὥρικᾰ	ὥρικᾰς	ὥρικε(ν)	ὡρίκᾰτον	ὡρίκᾰτον	ὡρίκᾰμεν	ὡρίκᾰτε	ὡρίκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὡρίκω	ὡρίκῃς	ὡρίκῃ	ὡρίκητον	ὡρίκητον	ὡρίκωμεν	ὡρίκητε	ὡρίκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὡρίκοιμῐ, ὡρικοίην	ὡρίκοις, ὡρικοίης	ὡρίκοι, ὡρικοίη	ὡρίκοιτον	ὡρικοίτην	ὡρίκοιμεν	ὡρίκοιτε	ὡρίκοιεν
	imperative		ὥρικε	ὡρικέτω	ὡρίκετον	ὡρικέτων		ὡρίκετε	ὡρικόντων
middle/passive	indicative	ὥρῐσμαι	ὥρῐσαι	ὥρῐσται	ὥρῐσθον	ὥρῐσθον	ὡρῐ́σμεθᾰ	ὥρῐσθε	ὡρῐ́σᾰται
	subjunctive	ὡρῐσμένος ὦ	ὡρῐσμένος ᾖς	ὡρῐσμένος ᾖ	ὡρῐσμένω ἦτον	ὡρῐσμένω ἦτον	ὡρῐσμένοι ὦμεν	ὡρῐσμένοι ἦτε	ὡρῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὡρῐσμένος εἴην	ὡρῐσμένος εἴης	ὡρῐσμένος εἴη	ὡρῐσμένω εἴητον, εἶτον	ὡρῐσμένω εἰήτην, εἴτην	ὡρῐσμένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν	ὡρῐσμένοι εἴητε, εἶτε	ὡρῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν
	imperative		ὥρῐσο	ὡρῐ́σθω	ὥρῐσθον	ὡρῐ́σθων		ὥρῐσθε	ὡρῐ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὡρικέναι				ὡρῐ́σθαι
participle	m	ὡρικώς				ὡρῐσμένος
	f	ὡρικυῖᾰ				ὡρῐσμένη
	n	ὡρικός				ὡρῐσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀμφορίζω (amphorízō)
• ἀνθορίζω (anthorízō)
• ἀφορίζω (aphorízō)
• δῐορίζω (dĭorízō)
• ἐξορίζω (exorízō)
• κᾰθορίζω (kăthorízō)
• μεθορίζω (methorízō)
• πᾰρορίζω (părorízō)
• περιορίζω (periorízō)
• προορίζω (proorízō)
• προσορίζω (prosorízō)
• σῠνορίζω (sŭnorízō)
• ὑπερορίζω (huperorízō)

Related terms

• ἀόριστος (aóristos)
• ὁρίζων (horízōn)
• ὅρισῐς (hórisĭs)
• ὅρισμᾰ (hórismă)
• ὁρισμός (horismós)
• ὁριστέον (horistéon)
• ὁριστής (horistḗs)
• ὁριστῐκός (horistĭkós)
• ὁριστός (horistós)
• ὡρισμένως (hōrisménōs)

Descendants

• Greek: ορίζω (orízo)

Further reading

• “ὁρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ὁρίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὁρίζω in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• “ὁρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G3724 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ὁρίζω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011