ㄏ

See also: 厂, ㆷ, and ㄏﾞ

ㄏ U+310F, ㄏ BOPOMOFO LETTER H ← ㄎ [U+310E] Bopomofo ㄐ → [U+3110]

Translingual

Stroke order

Letter

ㄏ

• type: initial consonant
• general transliteration: h
• keyboard key: C

Descendants

• ㄏﾞ, ㆷ,

Chinese

Glyph origin

Derived from the archaic character and current radical 厂 (Mandarin: hǎn).

Etymology 1

Initial consonant derived from 厂 (Mandarin: hǎn) + rhyme.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hē (he¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hē
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: he
    • Wade–Giles: ho¹
    • Yale: hē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵⁵/

Letter

1. 11th letter of the Zhuyin alphabet
2. 15th letter of the extended Zhuyin alphabet

Phoneme

1. (Mandarin) Sound IPA^(key): /x/ (Pinyin: h), which is present in Standard Chinese and some Mandarin dialects, including Lower Yangtze Mandarin and Sichuanese.
2. (Mandarin) Sound IPA^(key): /h/ (Pinyin: h), which is only present in characters that express laughter, such as 哈 and 呵.
3. (non-Mandarin) Sound IPA^(key): /h/ (Pinyin: h), which is commonly present in non-Mandarin dialects.

Etymology 2

Simplified from 呵, typing only ㄏ instead of the full character pronunciation on Zhuyin keyboards.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of ㄏ – see 呵 (“to shout; to cry out; etc.”). (This character, ㄏ, is an Internet slang variant form of 呵.)

Etymology 3

Simplified from 哈, typing only ㄏ instead of the full character pronunciation on Zhuyin keyboards.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of ㄏ – see 哈 (“many; plenteous; opening; moving; etc.”). (This character, ㄏ, is an Internet slang variant form of 哈.)

Etymology 4

Confused with 厂, simplified version of 廠／厂 (chǎng) as it is not common to enter simplified characters with a Zhuyin keyboard or transliterate with Zhuyin, so the users are not familiar with it. The confusion was so common, it became a standard slang version of the character.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of ㄏ – see 廠 (“shack; shed; etc.”). (This character, ㄏ, is an Internet slang variant form of 廠.)

References

• 全國主要方言區方音對照表, Chinese Character Reform Commission, Beijing: ZhonghuaBook Company, 1954
• Unicode Bopomofo block description: https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf

Northern Qiandong Miao

Letter

1. 13th letter of the Hmu Zhuyin alphabet, representing a fricative.
2. 16th letter of the Hmu Zhuyin alphabet, representing a nasal.

Phoneme

1. sound IPA^(key): /χ/ (Hutton): h', h
2. sound IPA^(key): /nʲ/ (Hutton): n

References

• Joakim Enwall, A Myth Become Reality Vol.1 (Stockholm, 1994) page 198