孤獨

See also: 孤独

Chinese

		lone; lonely	alone; independent; single alone; independent; single; sole; only
trad. (孤獨)		孤	獨
simp. (孤独)		孤	独
anagram		獨孤／独孤

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gūdú

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ duk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-thu̍k
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-to̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūdú
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gudú
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-tu²
    • Yale: gū-dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gudwu
    • Palladius: гуду (gudu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ tu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹ duk⁶
    • Yale: gū duhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ duk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ dug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ tʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-thu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ tug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-to̍k
    • Tâi-lô: koo-to̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚⁴/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 孤獨

1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate

   孤獨終老／孤独终老  ―  gūdú zhōnglǎo  ―  to die alone; to die a lonely death

2. isolated and helpless

Synonyms

• (lonely): (deprecated template usage)
  edit
  • 俗 (Hokkien)
  • 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
  • 孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
  • 孤寂 (gūjì)
  • 寂寞 (jìmò)
  • 寂寥 (jìliáo)
  • 挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
  • 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
  • 落寞 (luòmò)

   

Related terms

• 單獨／单独 (dāndú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孤獨):

• → Vietnamese: cô độc (孤獨)

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-ta̍k

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-ta̍k
    • Tâi-lô: koo-ta̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dak
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tak̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tak̚⁴/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 孤獨

1. (Southern Min) antisocial

(deprecated template usage)