燻べる
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
燻 |
Hyōgai |
From Old Japanese 燻ぶ, in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]燻べる • (fusuberu) transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem 燻べ (fusube), past 燻べた (fusubeta))
- to burn so as to produce much smoke
- to make something black with smoke
- to drive out (pests) with smoke; to fumigate
- (figuratively) to pout, sulk
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "燻べる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 燻べ | ふすべ | fusube | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 燻べ | ふすべ | fusube | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 燻べる | ふすべる | fusuberu | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 燻べる | ふすべる | fusuberu | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 燻べれ | ふすべれ | fusubere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 燻べよ¹ 燻べろ² |
ふすべよ¹ ふすべろ² |
fusubeyo¹ fusubero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 燻べられる | ふすべられる | fusuberareru | |
Causative | 燻べさせる 燻べさす |
ふすべさせる ふすべさす |
fusubesaseru fusubesasu | |
Potential | 燻べられる 燻べれる³ |
ふすべられる ふすべれる³ |
fusuberareru fusubereru³ | |
Volitional | 燻べよう | ふすべよう | fusubeyō | |
Negative | 燻べない 燻べぬ 燻べん |
ふすべない ふすべぬ ふすべん |
fusubenai fusubenu fusuben | |
Negative continuative | 燻べず | ふすべず | fusubezu | |
Formal | 燻べます | ふすべます | fusubemasu | |
Perfective | 燻べた | ふすべた | fusubeta | |
Conjunctive | 燻べて | ふすべて | fusubete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 燻べれば | ふすべれば | fusubereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
燻 |
Hyōgai |
From Old Japanese 燻ぶ, in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) くすべる [kùsúbéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- (Tokyo) くすべる [kùsúbérú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟sɨbe̞ɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]燻べる • (kusuberu) transitive ichidan (stem 燻べ (kusube), past 燻べた (kusubeta))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "燻べる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 燻べ | くすべ | kusube | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 燻べ | くすべ | kusube | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 燻べる | くすべる | kusuberu | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 燻べる | くすべる | kusuberu | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 燻べれ | くすべれ | kusubere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 燻べよ¹ 燻べろ² |
くすべよ¹ くすべろ² |
kusubeyo¹ kusubero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 燻べられる | くすべられる | kusuberareru | |
Causative | 燻べさせる 燻べさす |
くすべさせる くすべさす |
kusubesaseru kusubesasu | |
Potential | 燻べられる 燻べれる³ |
くすべられる くすべれる³ |
kusuberareru kusubereru³ | |
Volitional | 燻べよう | くすべよう | kusubeyō | |
Negative | 燻べない 燻べぬ 燻べん |
くすべない くすべぬ くすべん |
kusubenai kusubenu kusuben | |
Negative continuative | 燻べず | くすべず | kusubezu | |
Formal | 燻べます | くすべます | kusubemasu | |
Perfective | 燻べた | くすべた | kusubeta | |
Conjunctive | 燻べて | くすべて | kusubete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 燻べれば | くすべれば | kusubereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 燻
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji