狭い
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 狭 |
| せま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 狹い (kyūjitai) |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 狭 |
| せば Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 狹い (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Early Middle Japanese adjective 狭し (semashi), with the 終止形 (shūshikei, “predicative form”) ending in し (shi) first replaced with the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ending in き (ki), and then with the medial /-k-/ falling out to result in an ending of い (i). Originally 狭し (sebashi); underwent a sound change from /b/ to /m/, similar to 寂しい (sabishii, samishii, “lonely, desolate”), 頭 (tsuburi, tsumuri, “head”), and 煙 (keburi, kemuri, “smoke”).
Cognate with 攻める (semeru), 責める (semeru), 迫る (semaru), 狭める (sebameru), and 狭まる (sebamaru), and 窄る (subaru, “to become narrow”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 狭い
| Plain | 狭い | せまい | [sèmáꜜì] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 狭くて | せまくて せまくて |
[sèmáꜜkùtè] [séꜜmàkùtè] |
| Continuative | 狭く | せまく せまく |
[sèmáꜜkù] [séꜜmàkù] |
| Negative | 狭くない | せまく・ない せまく・ない |
[sèmáꜜkù náꜜì] [séꜜmàkù náꜜì] |
| Past | 狭かった | せまかった せまかった |
[sèmáꜜkàttà] [séꜜmàkàttà] |
| Negative past | 狭くなかった | せまく・なかった せまく・なかった |
[sèmáꜜkù náꜜkàttà] [séꜜmàkù náꜜkàttà] |
| Conditional | 狭ければ | せまければ せまければ |
[sèmáꜜkèrèbà] [séꜜmàkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 狭い | せまい | [sèmáꜜì] |
| Formal | 狭いです | せまいです | [sèmáꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
[edit]狭い or 狭い • (semai or sebai) -i (adverbial 狭く (semaku))
- narrow, tight (of small width)
- 狭い道 ― semai michi ― a narrow road
- small, tight, cramped (of small area)
- 狭い部屋 ― semai heya ― a small room
- 世間は狭いですね。 ― Seken wa semai desu ne. ― It's a small world isn't it.
- 1954 June 10, 三島由紀夫 [Mishima Yukio], chapter 6, in 潮騒 [Shiosai, The Sound of Waves]:
- あんたたち、知ってるの、お互いに。ふうん、窄い村だからねえ。
- Antatachi, shitte ru no, o-tagai ni. Fūn, semai mura da kara nē.
- You know each other, do you? Hmm, I suppose it is a small village.
- (figurative) small; limited
- 狭い知識 ― semai chishiki ― small (breadth of) knowledge
- (golf) short
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 狭かろ | せまかろ | semakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 狭く | せまく | semaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 狭い | せまい | semai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 狭い | せまい | semai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 狭けれ | せまけれ | semakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 狭かれ | せまかれ | semakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 狭くない | せまくない | semaku nai |
| Informal past | 狭かった | せまかった | semakatta |
| Informal negative past | 狭くなかった | せまくなかった | semaku nakatta |
| Formal | 狭いです | せまいです | semai desu |
| Formal negative | 狭くないです | せまくないです | semaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 狭かったです | せまかったです | semakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 狭くなかったです | せまくなかったです | semaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 狭くて | せまくて | semakute |
| Conditional | 狭ければ | せまければ | semakereba |
| Provisional | 狭かったら | せまかったら | semakattara |
| Volitional | 狭かろう | せまかろう | semakarō |
| Adverbial | 狭く | せまく | semaku |
| Degree | 狭さ | せまさ | semasa |
Antonyms
[edit]- 広い (hiroi)
Derived terms
[edit]- 肩身が狭い (katami ga semai, “feeling ashamed”)
- 肩身の狭い (katami no semai, “ashamed”)
- 心の狭い (kokoro no semai, “narrow-minded, shallow”)
- 視野の狭い (shiya no semai, “shortsighted, narrow-minded”)
- 世間は広い様で狭い (seken wa hiroi yō de semai, “it's a small world after all”)
- 所狭い (tokoro semai, “crowded, overflowing, cramped”)
- 度量の狭い (doryō no semai, “parochial, narrow-minded, prejudiced”)
- 狭苦しい (semakurushii, “cramped”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “狭い”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 狭 read as せま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 狭 read as せば
- Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- ja:Golf