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狭い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
せま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
狹い (kyūjitai)
Kanji in this term
せば
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
狹い (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Early Middle Japanese adjective (せま) (semashi), with the (しゅう)()(けい) (shūshikei, predicative form) ending in (shi) first replaced with the (れん)(たい)(けい) (rentaikei, attributive form) ending in (ki), and then with the medial /-k-/ falling out to result in an ending of (i). Originally 狭し (sebashi); underwent a sound change from /b/ to /m/, similar to 寂しい (sabishii, samishii, lonely, desolate), (tsuburi, tsumuri, head), and (keburi, kemuri, smoke).

Cognate with ()める (semeru), ()める (semeru), (せま) (semaru), (せば)める (sebameru), and (せば)まる (sebamaru), and (すば) (subaru, to become narrow).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 狭い
Plain 狭い [sèmáꜜì]
Conjunctive 狭くて くて
まくて
[sèmáꜜkùtè]
[séꜜmàkùtè]
Continuative 狭く
まく
[sèmáꜜkù]
[séꜜmàkù]
Negative 狭くない く・
まく・
[sèmáꜜkù náꜜì]
[séꜜmàkù náꜜì]
Past 狭かった かった
まかった
[sèmáꜜkàttà]
[séꜜmàkàttà]
Negative past 狭くなかった く・かった
まく・かった
[sèmáꜜkù náꜜkàttà]
[séꜜmàkù náꜜkàttà]
Conditional 狭ければ ければ
まければ
[sèmáꜜkèrèbà]
[séꜜmàkèrèbà]
Terminal 狭い [sèmáꜜì]
Formal 狭いです いです [sèmáꜜì dèsù]

Adjective

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(せま) or (せば) (semai or sebai-i (adverbial (せま) (semaku))

  1. narrow, tight (of small width)
    (せま)(みち)semai michia narrow road
  2. small, tight, cramped (of small area)
    (せま)()()semai heyaa small room
    ()(けん)(せま)ですね。Seken wa semai desu ne.It's a small world isn't it.
    • 1954 June 10, 三島由紀夫 [Mishima Yukio], chapter 6, in 潮騒 [Shiosai, The Sound of Waves]:
      あんたたち、()ってるの、お(たが)いに。ふうん、(せま)(むら)だからねえ。
      Antatachi, shitte ru no, o-tagai ni. Fūn, semai mura da kara nē.
      You know each other, do you? Hmm, I suppose it is a small village.
  3. (figurative) small; limited
    (せま)()(しき)semai chishikismall (breadth of) knowledge
  4. (golf) short
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Inflection

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Inflection of 狭い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 狭かろ せまかろ semakaro
Continuative (連用形) 狭く せまく semaku
Terminal (終止形) 狭い せまい semai
Attributive (連体形) 狭い せまい semai
Hypothetical (仮定形) 狭けれ せまけれ semakere
Imperative (命令形) 狭かれ せまかれ semakare
Key constructions
Informal negative 狭くない せまくない semaku nai
Informal past 狭かった せまかった semakatta
Informal negative past 狭くなかった せまくなかった semaku nakatta
Formal 狭いです せまいです semai desu
Formal negative 狭くないです せまくないです semaku nai desu
Formal past 狭かったです せまかったです semakatta desu
Formal negative past 狭くなかったです せまくなかったです semaku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 狭くて せまくて semakute
Conditional 狭ければ せまければ semakereba
Provisional 狭かったら せまかったら semakattara
Volitional 狭かろう せまかろう semakarō
Adverbial 狭く せまく semaku
Degree 狭さ せまさ semasa

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN