禁じる
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
禁 |
きん Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Shift from verb 禁ずる (kinzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) きんじる [kìńjírú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3][4][5]
- (Tokyo) きんじる [kìńjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3][5]
- IPA(key): [kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]禁じる • (kinjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 禁じ (kinji), past 禁じた (kinjita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "禁じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禁じれ | きんじれ | kinjire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 禁じよ¹ 禁じろ² |
きんじよ¹ きんじろ² |
kinjiyo¹ kinjiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 禁じられる | きんじられる | kinjirareru | |
Causative | 禁じさせる 禁じさす |
きんじさせる きんじさす |
kinjisaseru kinjisasu | |
Potential | 禁じられる 禁じれる³ |
きんじられる きんじれる³ |
kinjirareru kinjireru³ | |
Volitional | 禁じよう | きんじよう | kinjiyō | |
Negative | 禁じない 禁じぬ 禁じん |
きんじない きんじぬ きんじん |
kinjinai kinjinu kinjin | |
Negative continuative | 禁じず | きんじず | kinjizu | |
Formal | 禁じます | きんじます | kinjimasu | |
Perfective | 禁じた | きんじた | kinjita | |
Conjunctive | 禁じて | きんじて | kinjite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 禁じれば | きんじれば | kinjireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
[edit]- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
Related terms
[edit]- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN