艱難

See also: 艰难

Chinese

		difficult; hard; hardship	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (艱難)		艱	難
simp. (艰难)		艰	难

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānnán

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ naan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kân-nàn / kiên-nàn / kiân-nàn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kan-lân / kian-lân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ lang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānnán
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiannán
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-nan²
    • Yale: jyān-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannan
    • Palladius: цзяньнань (czjanʹnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaan¹ naan⁴
    • Yale: gāan nàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ naan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ nan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kân-nàn / kiên-nàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gan^ˊ nan^ˇ / gien^ˊ nan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gan¹ nan² / gian¹ nan²
    • Sinological IPA: /kan²⁴ nan¹¹/, /ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kân-nàn / kiân-nàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gan^ˊ nan^ˇ / gian^ˊ nan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gan¹ nan² / gian¹ nan²
    • Sinological IPA: /kan²⁴ nan¹¹/, /ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-lân
    • Tâi-lô: kan-lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kanlaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-lân
    • Tâi-lô: kian-lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kienlaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹ lang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang lâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 艱難

1. hard; difficult; challenging

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

edit

• 不容易 (bùróngyì)
• 勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
• 困難／困难
• 疑難／疑难 (yínán)
• 良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
• 艱巨／艰巨 (jiānjù)
• 艱苦／艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
• 艱辛／艰辛 (jiānxīn)
• 苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
• 辛勞／辛劳 (xīnláo)
• 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
• 難／难

 

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)