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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
( transitive ) to quench , to extinguish (fire , thirst , wind , rebellion , etc.)
c. 1900 BCE ,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse /pBN 183) lines 1.5–1.6:
jw jkn n(j) mw ꜥḫm .f jbt jw mḥ{t}⟨w⟩ r(ꜣ) m šww smn.f jb For a cup of water quenches thirst, for a mouthful of šww -herbs makes the heart firm.
( intransitive , Late Egyptian , of water) to dry up
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥḫm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥḫm , geminated stem: ꜥḫmm
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜥḫm
ꜥḫmw , ꜥḫm
ꜥḫmt
ꜥḫm
ꜥḫm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜥḫm
ḥr ꜥḫm
m ꜥḫm
r ꜥḫm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜥḫm.n
ꜥḫmw , ꜥḫm
consecutive
ꜥḫm.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜥḫmt
perfective 3
ꜥḫm
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
ꜥḫm.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜥḫm
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜥḫm
ꜥḫmm
potentialis1
ꜥḫm.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜥḫm
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜥḫm.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
ꜥḫm
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜥḫm
ꜥḫm , ꜥḫmw 5 , ꜥḫmy 5
imperfective
ꜥḫm , ꜥḫmy , ꜥḫmw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
ꜥḫm , ꜥḫmj 6 , ꜥḫmy 6
ꜥḫm , ꜥḫmw 5
prospective
ꜥḫm , ꜥḫmtj 7
—
ꜥḫmtj 4 , ꜥḫmt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥḫm
References
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 224.15–224.19
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 48
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 458 .