겹다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 계우다 (Yale: kyeywuta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkjɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [겹(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gyeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gyeobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kyŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | kyēpta |
Adjective
겹다 • (gyeopda) (irregular, infinitive 겨워, sequential 겨우니)
- (of task, situation, etc.) to be too much (for someone); to be excessive; to be beyond one's capacity
- (of a person) to be overwhelmed (with emotion); to be beyond restraint; to be uncontrollable
- (of season, time) to have already passed
Derived terms
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 겹다 gyeopda |
겨워 gyeowo |
겨워요 gyeowoyo |
겹습니다 gyeopseumnida |
| Past | 겨웠다 gyeowotda |
겨웠어 gyeowosseo |
겨웠어요 gyeowosseoyo |
겨웠습니다 gyeowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 겨우냐 gyeounya |
겨워 gyeowo |
겨워요 gyeowoyo |
겹습니까 gyeopseumnikka |
| Past | 겨웠냐 gyeowonnya |
겨웠어 gyeowosseo |
겨웠어요 gyeowosseoyo |
겨웠습니까 gyeowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 겹겠다 gyeopgetda |
겹겠어 gyeopgesseo |
겹겠어요 gyeopgesseoyo |
겹겠습니다 gyeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 겨워 gyeowo |
겨워서 gyeowoseo |
겨우니 gyeouni |
겨우니까 gyeounikka | |
| Contrast | 겹지만 gyeopjiman |
겨운데 gyeounde |
겹더니 gyeopdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 겹고 gyeopgo |
||||
| Condition | 겨우면 gyeoumyeon |
겨워야 gyeowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 겨움 gyeoum |
겹기 gyeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 겨웠음 gyeowosseum |
겨웠기 gyeowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 겨운 gyeoun | |||
| Future | 겨울 gyeoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 겨우시다 gyeousida |
겨우셔 gyeousyeo |
겨우세요, 겨우셔요 gyeouseyo, gyeousyeoyo |
겨우십니다 gyeousimnida |
| Past | 겨우셨다 gyeousyeotda |
겨우셨어 gyeousyeosseo |
겨우셨어요 gyeousyeosseoyo |
겨우셨습니다 gyeousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 겨우시냐 gyeousinya |
겨우셔 gyeousyeo |
겨우세요, 겨우셔요 gyeouseyo, gyeousyeoyo |
겨우십니까 gyeousimnikka |
| Past | 겨우셨냐 gyeousyeonnya |
겨우셨어 gyeousyeosseo |
겨우셨어요 gyeousyeosseoyo |
겨우셨습니까 gyeousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 겨우시겠다 gyeousigetda |
겨우시겠어 gyeousigesseo |
겨우시겠어요 gyeousigesseoyo |
겨우시겠습니다 gyeousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 겨우셔 gyeousyeo |
겨우셔서 gyeousyeoseo |
겨우시니 gyeousini |
겨우시니까 gyeousinikka | |
| Contrast | 겨우시지만 gyeousijiman |
겨우신데 gyeousinde |
겨우시더니 gyeousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 겨우시고 gyeousigo |
||||
| Condition | 겨우시면 gyeousimyeon |
겨우셔야 gyeousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 겨우심 gyeousim |
겨우시기 gyeousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 겨우셨음 gyeousyeosseum |
겨우셨기 gyeousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 겨우신 gyeousin | |||
| Future | 겨우실 gyeousil | ||||