๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐
Gothic
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *deuzฤ .
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- wild animal, beast
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 1.13:[1]
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐น๐ณ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ด ๐๐น๐ณ๐
๐๐ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ผ ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐น๐ป๐ด๐น๐ ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐น๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ ๐น๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ.
- jah was in รพizai auรพidai dagฤ fidwลr tiguns fraisans fram satanin, jah was miรพ diuzam, jah aggileis andbahtidฤdun imma.
- And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (KJV).
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐น๐ณ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ด ๐๐น๐ณ๐
๐๐ ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ผ ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐
๐ฐ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐น๐ป๐ด๐น๐ ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐น๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ ๐น๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ.
- 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 15.32:[2]
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฑ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ(๐ผ) ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐
๐ฐ๐น๐ท ๐น๐ฝ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ฝ, ๐๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ ๐ฑ๐๐๐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฝ๐น ๐ฟ๐๐๐ด๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ? ๐ผ๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ณ๐๐น๐ฒ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ด ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐
๐น๐ป๐๐ฐ๐ผ.
- jabai bi manna(m) du diuzam waih in aifaisลn, ฦล mis bลtล jabai dauรพans ni urreisand? matjam jah drigkam, untฤ du maurgina gaswiltam.
- If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die. (KJV).
- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฑ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ(๐ผ) ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐
๐ฐ๐น๐ท ๐น๐ฝ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ฝ, ๐๐ ๐ผ๐น๐ ๐ฑ๐๐๐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐น ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฝ๐น ๐ฟ๐๐๐ด๐น๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ? ๐ผ๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ณ๐๐น๐ฒ๐บ๐ฐ๐ผ, ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ด ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐
๐น๐ป๐๐ฐ๐ผ.
Usage notes
[edit]This word translates Koine Greek ฮธฮทฯฮฏฮฟฮฝ (thฤrรญon), but seems to only be used when describing actual animals in a neutral sense. In an instance where human beings are described pejoratively as "beasts", the word ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฑ๐น๐ฐ๐๐น (unbiari) is used.
The phrase ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ ๐ฐ๐น๐ท (du diuzam waih) translates แผฮธฮทฯฮนฮฟฮผฮฌฯฮทฯฮฑ (ethฤriomรกkhฤsa, โI fought with wild beastsโ).
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Only the dative plural is attested, which is not enough to determine whether this word is an a-stem or an an-stem, or whether it is masculine or neuter. Streitberg, though, reconstructs a neuter a-stem.
Declension
[edit]No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed. See also the reconstruction notes.
| Neuter a-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
| Vocative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
| Accusative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ dius |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
| Genitive | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐น๐ diuzis |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ด diuzฤ |
| Dative | ๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ diuza |
๐ณ๐น๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ diuzam |
Hyponyms
[edit]- ๐ป๐ฐ๐น๐ ๐ฐ (laiwa, โlionโ)
- ๐ ๐ฟ๐ป๐๐ (wulfs, โwolfโ)
- ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ (fauhล, โfoxโ)
See also
[edit]- ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฑ๐น๐ฐ๐๐น (unbiari, โbeast, animalโ)
References
[edit]- ^ Mark chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
- ^ Corinthians I chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
Further reading
[edit]- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโs Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p. 26