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-इन्

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-in-, related to Proto-Germanic *-jô ~ *-iniz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -इन् (-ín)

    1. possessing, showing possession, doer
      प्राण (prāṇá, life) + ‎-इन् (-ín) → ‎प्राणिन् (prāṇín, one possessing life, living)
      यात्रा (yātrā, travel) + ‎-इन् (-in) → ‎यात्रिन् (yātrin, one who travels, traveller)

    Declension

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    Masculine in-stem declension of -इन्
    singular dual plural
    nominative -ई (-ī́) -इनौ॑ (-ínau)
    -इना॑¹ (-ínā¹)
    -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ)
    accusative -इन॑म् (-ínam) -इनौ॑ (-ínau)
    -इना॑¹ (-ínā¹)
    -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ)
    instrumental -इना॑ (-ínā) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभिः॑ (-íbhiḥ)
    dative -इने॑ (-íne) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभ्यः॑ (-íbhyaḥ)
    ablative -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभ्यः॑ (-íbhyaḥ)
    genitive -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ) -इनोः॑ (-ínoḥ) -इना॑म् (-ínām)
    locative -इनि॑ (-íni) -इनोः॑ (-ínoḥ) -इषु॑ (-íṣu)
    vocative -इन् (-in) -इनौ (-inau)
    -इना¹ (-inā¹)
    -इनः (-inaḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    Feminine ī-stem declension of -इनी॑
    singular dual plural
    nominative -इनी॑ (-ínī) -इन्यौ॑ (-ínyau)
    -इनी॑¹ (-ínī¹)
    -इन्यः॑ (-ínyaḥ)
    -इनीः॑¹ (-ínīḥ¹)
    accusative -इनी॑म् (-ínīm) -इन्यौ॑ (-ínyau)
    -इनी॑¹ (-ínī¹)
    -इनीः॑ (-ínīḥ)
    instrumental -इन्या॑ (-ínyā) -इनी॑भ्याम् (-ínībhyām) -इनी॑भिः (-ínībhiḥ)
    dative -इन्यै॑ (-ínyai) -इनी॑भ्याम् (-ínībhyām) -इनी॑भ्यः (-ínībhyaḥ)
    ablative -इन्याः॑ (-ínyāḥ)
    -इन्यै॑² (-ínyai²)
    -इनी॑भ्याम् (-ínībhyām) -इनी॑भ्यः (-ínībhyaḥ)
    genitive -इन्याः॑ (-ínyāḥ)
    -इन्यै॑² (-ínyai²)
    -इन्योः॑ (-ínyoḥ) -इनी॑नाम् (-ínīnām)
    locative -इन्या॑म् (-ínyām) -इन्योः॑ (-ínyoḥ) -इनी॑षु (-ínīṣu)
    vocative -इनि (-ini) -इन्यौ (-inyau)
    -इनी¹ (-inī¹)
    -इन्यः (-inyaḥ)
    -इनीः¹ (-inīḥ¹)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas
    Neuter in-stem declension of -इन्
    singular dual plural
    nominative -इ () -इनी॑ (-ínī) -ईनि॑ (-ī́ni)
    accusative -इ () -इनी॑ (-ínī) -ईनि॑ (-ī́ni)
    instrumental -इना॑ (-ínā) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभिः॑ (-íbhiḥ)
    dative -इने॑ (-íne) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभ्यः॑ (-íbhyaḥ)
    ablative -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ) -इभ्या॑म् (-íbhyām) -इभ्यः॑ (-íbhyaḥ)
    genitive -इनः॑ (-ínaḥ) -इनोः॑ (-ínoḥ) -इना॑म् (-ínām)
    locative -इनि॑ (-íni) -इनोः॑ (-ínoḥ) -इषु॑ (-íṣu)
    vocative -इ (-i)
    -इन् (-in)
    -इनी (-inī) -ईनि (-īni)

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    From the nom.sg. -ई ():

    • Bengali: -ঈ (-i, possessive suffix)
    • Gujarati: -ઈ (, possessive suffix)
    • Hindi: -ई ()

    Further reading

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    • Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎[1] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, 212-220, pages 328-350