-gat
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -g (frequentative suffix) + -at (causative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-gat
- (frequentative suffix) Mostly added to transitive verbs (less frequently to other types of words) to form new verbs denoting repetitive action. It may also change the meaning.
Usage notes
[edit]- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -gat
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -gatok | -gatsz | -gat | -gatunk | -gattok | -gatnak | |
| Def. | -gatom | -gatod | -gatja | -gatjuk | -gatjátok | -gatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -gattam | -gattál | -gatott | -gattunk | -gattatok | -gattak | ||
| Def. | -gattam | -gattad | -gatta | -gattuk | -gattátok | -gatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gattalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -gatni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -gaték | -gatál | -gata | -gatánk | -gatátok | -gatának | ||
| Def. | -gatám | -gatád | -gatá | -gatánk | -gatátok | -gaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -gat vala, -gatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -gatandok | -gatandasz | -gatand | -gatandunk | -gatandotok | -gatandanak | ||
| Def. | -gatandom | -gatandod | -gatandja | -gatandjuk | -gatandjátok | -gatandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gatandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -gatnék | -gatnál | -gatna | -gatnánk | -gatnátok | -gatnának | |
| Def. | -gatnám | -gatnád | -gatná | -gatnánk (or -gatnók) |
-gatnátok | -gatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -gatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -gassak | -gass or -gassál |
-gasson | -gassunk | -gassatok | -gassanak | |
| Def. | -gassam | -gasd or -gassad |
-gassa | -gassuk | -gassátok | -gassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -gatott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -gatni | -gatnom | -gatnod | -gatnia | -gatnunk | -gatnotok | -gatniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -gatás | -gató | -gatott | -gatandó | -gatva (-gatván) | |||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of -gat
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -gathatok | -gathatsz | -gathat | -gathatunk | -gathattok | -gathatnak | |
| Def. | -gathatom | -gathatod | -gathatja | -gathatjuk | -gathatjátok | -gathatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | -gathattam | -gathattál | -gathatott | -gathattunk | -gathattatok | -gathattak | ||
| Def. | -gathattam | -gathattad | -gathatta | -gathattuk | -gathattátok | -gathatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -gathaték | -gathatál | -gathata | -gathatánk | -gathatátok | -gathatának | ||
| Def. | -gathatám | -gathatád | -gathatá | -gathatánk | -gathatátok | -gathaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -gathat vala, -gathatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -gathatandok or -gatandhatok |
-gathatandasz or -gatandhatsz |
-gathatand or -gatandhat |
-gathatandunk or -gatandhatunk |
-gathatandotok or -gatandhattok |
-gathatandanak or -gatandhatnak | ||
| Def. | -gathatandom or -gatandhatom |
-gathatandod or -gatandhatod |
-gathatandja or -gatandhatja |
-gathatandjuk or -gatandhatjuk |
-gathatandjátok or -gatandhatjátok |
-gathatandják or -gatandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathatandalak or -gatandhatlak |
― | |||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -gathatnék | -gathatnál | -gathatna | -gathatnánk | -gathatnátok | -gathatnának | |
| Def. | -gathatnám | -gathatnád | -gathatná | -gathatnánk (or -gathatnók) |
-gathatnátok | -gathatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -gathatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -gathassak | -gathass or -gathassál |
-gathasson | -gathassunk | -gathassatok | -gathassanak | |
| Def. | -gathassam | -gathasd or -gathassad |
-gathassa | -gathassuk | -gathassátok | -gathassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | -gathassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -gathatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-gathatni) | (-gathatnom) | (-gathatnod) | (-gathatnia) | (-gathatnunk) | (-gathatnotok) | (-gathatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | -gatható | Neg. adj. | -gathatatlan | Adv. part. | (-gathatva / -gathatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -gat in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)