-pe

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pe"

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *-pe, from Proto-Indo-European *pe. Cognate with Luwian -pa, Luwian ppa-, and Lithuanian kaĩp (“how”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /pe/, [pɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pe/, [pe]

Particle

-pe

1. used in the formation of certain words as an intensive particle

Derived terms

• nempe
• prope
• quippe
• quispiam
• uspiam

 

Old Tupi

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-pe, from Proto-Tupian *-pe.

Alternative forms

• -ype (after consonants)
• -me (after nasals)

Postposition

-pe

1. in (within the bounds or limits of)
2. to (in the direction of)
   • 1687, João Filipe Bettendorff, Compendio da Doutrina Christãa Na lingua Portugueza, e Brasilica [Compendium of the Christian Doctrine in the Portuguese and Brasílica Language] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 104; republished as José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo, editor, Lisbon: Offic. de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1800:

     M. Emonánamo onhemoçainã eté pabépe Tupã nhêênga cuábaõama, Tupã nhêênga rerobiarãõâma recé, imoporagoâma recebé.
     D. Emonamo, äâneŷme anhangaratápe ixóune.

     [M[estre]. Emonãnamo onhemosaînãeté pabẽpe Tupã nhe'enga kuabaûama, Tupã nhe'enga rerobîarãûama resé, i moporagûâma resebé.
     D[iscípulo]. Emonãnamo, aane'yme anhanga ratápe i xóûne.]

     Master: So they'll all be truly concerned about knowing God's word, about believing in God's word, as well as obeying it?
     Disciple: Indeed, otherwise they'll go to hell.

3. forms subordinate clauses [with -sab]

Descendants

• Nheengatu: upé

Etymology 2

Particle

-pe

1. shall [with ká (men's speech) or ky (women's speech)]

Etymology 3

Particle

-pe

1. interrogative particle; comes after the thing one wants to ask, in the beginning of the sentence
   • 1595 [1555], Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, page 36:

     Xerúbapèoçô?

     [Xe rubape osó?]

     Did my father go?

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “-pe”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 374–375