pūt: difference between revisions
Created page with "==Latvian== ===Etymology=== From PIE {{term/t|ine-pro|*pū-}} : ''*peuə-'' > ''*pū-tei'' > Proto-Baltic {{term/t|bat-pro|*pūtei/ti}} > Latvian ''pūt''. Causative ''{{..." |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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From {{etyl|ine-bsl-pro|lv}} {{term/t|bat-pro|*pūteiti}}. |
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From [[PIE]] {{term/t|ine-pro|*pū-}} : ''*peuə-'' > ''*pū-tei'' > Proto-Baltic {{term/t|bat-pro|*pūtei/ti}} > Latvian ''pūt''. Causative ''{{t|lv|pūdēt}}'', less often ''{{t|lv|pūdināt}}''. Present ''({{t|lv|es}}) pūdēju'' ("I'm causing to rot") apparently from earlier ''(es) *pūdu'' < PIE ''*pūd(h)ō'' "I rot" ([[w:Endzelīns|Endzelīns]]). |
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Cognates include {{etyl|lt|-}} {{term|pūti||id.|lang=lt}}, {{etyl|got|-}} {{term|fūls|||lang=got}}, {{etyl|goh|-}} {{term|fūl|||lang=goh}}, {{etyl|de|-}} {{term|faul||rotten, rancid, lazy|lang=de}}, {{etyl|non|-}} {{term||feyja|to cause to rot|lang=non}}, {{etyl|sa|-}} {{term|pūyati||rots, smells|lang=sa}}, {{etyl|grc|-}} {{term|pȳthein||to cause to rot|lang=grc}}, {{term|''pȳthestai''||to rot|lang=grc}}, {{etyl|la|-}} {{term|pūtēre||to rot, smell rotten|lang=la}}, {{term|pūtidus|||lang=la}}, {{term|puter||rotten|lang=la}}. |
Cognates include {{etyl|lt|-}} {{term|pūti||id.|lang=lt}}, {{etyl|got|-}} {{term|fūls|||lang=got}}, {{etyl|goh|-}} {{term|fūl|||lang=goh}}, {{etyl|de|-}} {{term|faul||rotten, rancid, lazy|lang=de}}, {{etyl|non|-}} {{term||feyja|to cause to rot|lang=non}}, {{etyl|sa|-}} {{term|pūyati||rots, smells|lang=sa}}, {{etyl|grc|-}} {{term|pȳthein||to cause to rot|lang=grc}}, {{term|''pȳthestai''||to rot|lang=grc}}, {{etyl|la|-}} {{term|pūtēre||to rot, smell rotten|lang=la}}, {{term|pūtidus|||lang=la}}, {{term|puter||rotten|lang=la}}. |
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Past stem ''puv-'' derivations: |
Past stem ''puv-'' derivations: {{term/t|lv|puve}}, {{term/t|lv|puvekļi}}, {{term/t|lv|puveši}}, {{term/t|lv|puvums}}, {{term/t|lv|papuve}}, regional {{term/t|lv|puvēns}} (= ''puveklis'' "a chunk of rotten matter").<ref>{{R:lv:LEV}}</ref> |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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Revision as of 22:44, 6 February 2014
Latvian
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Balto-Slavic Template:term/t.
Cognates include (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lithuanian (deprecated template usage) pūti, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Gothic (deprecated template usage) fūls, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old High German (deprecated template usage) fūl, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] German (deprecated template usage) faul, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse (deprecated template usage) feyja, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Sanskrit (deprecated template usage) pūyati, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek (deprecated template usage) pȳthein, (deprecated template usage) pȳthestai, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin (deprecated template usage) pūtēre, (deprecated template usage) pūtidus, (deprecated template usage) puter.
Past stem puv- derivations: Template:term/t, Template:term/t, Template:term/t, Template:term/t, Template:term/t, regional Template:term/t (= puveklis "a chunk of rotten matter").[1]
Pronunciation
(deprecated use of|lang= parameter)
Verb
pūt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present pūstu, pūsti, pūst, past puvu)
- to rot
Conjugation
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | pūstu | puvu | pūšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | pūsti | puvi | pūsi | pūsti |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | pūst | puva | pūs | lai pūst |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | pūstam | puvām | pūsim | pūsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | pūstat | puvāt | pūsiet, pūsit |
pūstiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | pūst | puva | pūs | lai pūst |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | pūstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | pūstošs | ||
| Past | esot puvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | pūdams | ||
| Future | pūšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | pūstot | ||
| Imperative | lai pūstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | pūstam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | puvis | |||
| Present | pūtu | Present Passive | pūstams | ||
| Past | būtu puvis | Past Passive | pūts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāpūst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | pūt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāpūst | Negative Infinitive | nepūt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāpūstot | Verbal noun | pūšana | ||
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pūt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN