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#: {{ja-usex|あなたが'''いない'''と何もできない|あなた が '''いない''' と なに も できない|I can't do anything if you '''aren't there'''}} |
#: {{ja-usex|あなたが'''いない'''と何もできない|あなた が '''いない''' と なに も できない|I can't do anything if you '''aren't there'''}} |
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# {{lb|ja|of animate objects}} to [[have]] |
# {{lb|ja|of animate objects}} to [[have]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|彼氏'''います'''か|かれし '''います''' か?|Do you '''have''' a boyfriend?}} |
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# {{lb|ja|after a verb in the て [[Appendix:Japanese verbs#Other forms|conjunctive form]]}} to [[be]] (doing); {{non-gloss definition|indicates a [[progressive]] or continuous sense}}; See [[ている]] |
# {{lb|ja|after a verb in the て [[Appendix:Japanese verbs#Other forms|conjunctive form]]}} to [[be]] (doing); {{non-gloss definition|indicates a [[progressive]] or continuous sense}}; See [[ている]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|朝ご飯を食べて'''います'''か?|あさごはん を たべて '''います''' か?|Are you eat'''ing''' breakfast?}} |
#: {{ja-usex|朝ご飯を食べて'''います'''か?|あさごはん を たべて '''います''' か?|Are you eat'''ing''' breakfast?}} |
Revision as of 20:49, 10 June 2017
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
居 |
い Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Verb
居る • (iru) ←ゐる (wiru)?intransitive ichidan (stem 居 (i), past 居た (ita))
- (of animate objects) to exist, to be
- あなたがいないと何もできない
- anata ga inai to nani mo dekinai
- I can't do anything if you aren't there
- あなたがいないと何もできない
- (of animate objects) to have
- Lua error in Module:ja-ruby at line 628: Can not match "彼氏いますか" and "かれし います か?"
- (after a verb in the て conjunctive form) to be (doing); indicates a progressive or continuous sense; See ている
- 朝ご飯を食べていますか?
- Asagohan o tabete imasu ka?
- Are you eating breakfast?
- 朝ご飯を食べていますか?
Usage notes
Conjugation
Conjugation of "居る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 居 | い | i | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 居 | い | i | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 居る | いる | iru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 居る | いる | iru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 居れ | いれ | ire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 居よ¹ 居ろ² |
いよ¹ いろ² |
iyo¹ iro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 居られる | いられる | irareru | |
Causative | 居させる 居さす |
いさせる いさす |
isaseru isasu | |
Potential | 居られる 居れる³ |
いられる いれる³ |
irareru ireru³ | |
Volitional | 居よう | いよう | iyō | |
Negative | 居ない 居ぬ 居ん |
いない いぬ いん |
inai inu in | |
Negative continuative | 居ず | いず | izu | |
Formal | 居ます | います | imasu | |
Perfective | 居た | いた | ita | |
Conjunctive | 居て | いて | ite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 居れば | いれば | ireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
居 |
お Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Verb
居る • (oru) ←をる (woru)?intransitive godan (stem 居り (ori), past 居った (otta))
- (of animate objects) to exist, to be, to have
- むかしあるところに一人の欲ばりの坊さんがおりました。[1]
- Mukashi aru tokoro ni hitori no yokubari no bōsan ga orimashita.
- Once upon a time, there was a grasping priest somewhere.
- むかしあるところに一人の欲ばりの坊さんがおりました。[1]
- (after a verb in the て conjunctive form) to be (doing); indicates a progressive or continuous sense; ておる (teoru) is often transformed to とる (toru)
- ぼくは眼をほそめて海を見ておった[2]
- Boku wa me o hosomete umi o miteotta
- I was staring at the sea with a squinted eye
- ぼくは眼をほそめて海を見ておった[2]
- (Chūgoku, Shikoku, Kyūshū, after a verb in the conjunctive form) to be (doing); a continuous sense; often transformed to よる (yoru)
Usage notes
- A variation of いる (iru) used mainly in western Japan.
- In standard Japanese, it is usually used in humble language (謙譲語) or polite language (丁寧語) as おります form or in certain archaic/literary expressions.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "居る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 居ら | おら | ora |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 居り | おり | ori |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 居る | おる | oru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 居る | おる | oru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 居れ | おれ | ore |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 居れ | おれ | ore |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 居られる | おられる | orareru |
Causative | 居らせる 居らす |
おらせる おらす |
oraseru orasu |
Potential | 居れる | おれる | oreru |
Volitional | 居ろう | おろう | orō |
Negative | 居らない | おらない | oranai |
Negative continuative | 居らず | おらず | orazu |
Formal | 居ります | おります | orimasu |
Perfective | 居った | おった | otta |
Conjunctive | 居って | おって | otte |
Hypothetical conditional | 居れば | おれば | oreba |
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 居 read as い
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ゐ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 居 read as お
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Chūgoku Japanese
- Shikoku Japanese
- Kyūshū Japanese